宿州市2017—2020年食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Suzhou City from 2017 to 2020

目的分析2017—2020年宿州市食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特点,了解事件发生的原因,掌握食源性疾病暴发事件的危险因素,为预防和控制食源性疾病的暴发提供依据。方法根据国家食源性疾病暴发事件监测系统中宿州市2017—2020年食源性疾病暴发事件监测资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2017—2020年宿州市共报告食源性疾病暴发事件71起,发病人数519例,死亡1例(投毒引起)。5—9月食源性疾病暴发事件报告起数较多,其中8月份最多(占22.63%),46.48%的事件查明了发生原因,化学性致病因素和毒蕈引起的事件较多,分别占总事件起数的22.54%和12.68%。主要发生场所为家庭,占总事件起数的59.15%。查明原因的33起食源性疾病暴发事件中,60.61%是由误食误用引起。结论误食误用是宿州市食源性疾病暴发事件发生的主要因素,食源性疾病暴发事件中未查明原因比例较高,基层疾病预防控制中心应提高流行病学调查和实验室检测能力。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Suzhou City from 2017 to 2020,to understand the causes of the events,to master the risk factors of foodborne disease outbreaks,and to provide the basis for the prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was carried out based on the surveillance data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Suzhou City from 2017 to 2020 in the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System.Results From 2017 to 2020,a total of 71 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Suzhou City,with 519 cases and 1 death(caused by poisoning).The number of reported foodborne disease was higher from May to September,of which the August was the most(22.63%).The cause of 46.48%of the incidents was identified.More incidents were caused by chemical pathogenic factors and toadstools,accounting for 22.54%and 12.68%of the total incidents,respectively.The main occurrence site was the family,accounting for 59.15%.Of the 33 foodborne disease outbreaks identified,60.61%were caused by accidental ingestion and misuse.Conclusion Accidental ingestion and misuse were the main factors of the foodborne disease outbreak in Suzhou City.There was a high rate of outbreaks of foodborne illness with unknown causes.The epidemiological investigation and laboratory detection ability of the county-level centers for disease prevention and control should be improved.