许昌市2011-2020年肺结核疫情流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xuchang City from 2011 to 2020

目的了解2011—2020年许昌市肺结核疫情特征,为下一步结核病防治工作提供参考依据。方法收集2011—2020年许昌市传染病监测系统中按现住址报告的肺结核患者相关资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对收集的相关资料进行回顾性分析。结果2011—2020年许昌市共累计报告26940例肺结核患者,年平均报告发病率为61.87/10万,10年间肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=351.713,P<0.001);男女发病数之比为2.67:1,各年龄组均有发病,其中15~24岁人群发病数最多,占总报告人数的17.79%;不同职业人群发病差异较大,职业为农民的报告病例数最多,占80.00%,其次为家务及待业,占5.46%,学生占4.40%。时间分布中,以3—5月份发病例数最多。地区分布中,禹州市发病例数最高,襄城县报告发病率最高。结论许昌市肺结核疫情呈下降趋势,男性人群、15~24岁年龄组、农民和家务及待业、学生是结核病防控的重点人群,要加强这些人群的结核病宣传教育和主动筛查工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xuchang City,and to provide a basis for further prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Methods The data of tuberculosis patients reported at present address in the infectious disease surveillance system from 2011 to 2020 were collected.Then the registration data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2011 to 2020,26940 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Xuchang City.The annual reported incidence rate was 61.87/100,000,showing a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=351.713,P<0.001).The ratio of the incidence of male and female was 2.67:1.The pulmonary tuberculosis was observed in all age groups,with the largest number of cases in the 15-24 age group,accounting for 17.79%.In occupational distribution,peasant farmers were the most,accounting for 80.00%,followed by domestic workers and unemployed,accounting for 5.46%.Moreover,students accounting for 4.40%.In the time distribution,the highest number of cases occurred from March to May.In terms of regional distribution,Yuzhou City had the highest number of cases and Xiangcheng County reported the highest incidence.Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xuchang City has been decreasing over the years.The male population,15-24 years old group,domestic workers,unemployed,students are the priority population for tuberculosis prevention and control.Therefore,tuberculosis awareness education and active screening for these populations should be strengthened.