装载机铰接转向机构转向性能分析

Steering Performance Analysis on Articulated Steering Mechanism of Wheel Loader

通过建立轮式装载机转向性能参数的影响指标,包括转向油泵压力,转向液压油泵工作流量,以及转向油缸转向过程中的左右两边力臂、行程及力臂变化曲线、行程变化曲线,尽量使变化曲线平缓,同时为了达到一定的转向速度,希望减少油缸行程,并且增大油缸力臂,以期实现转向过程平稳,转向功率消耗少;建立转向过程阻力矩参数以及转向油缸几何关系的方程式,计算出转向角速度和左右油缸的运动线速度,并且建立了流量、压力、行程以及力臂的优化目标函数,同时需要根据油缸的结构约束油缸的最小安装距及最大行程的关系,还有油缸的伸缩比,以防止油缸运行失稳;利用MATLAB数值计算软件的优化设计工具箱软件进行优化计算,得到符合以上优化设计目标的综合性的铰接转向性能最优的铰接机构铰接点位置参数,实现了轮式装载机的铰接转向机构的优化设计,使装载机的转向性能设计有了理论依据,4个优化目标的采用使得综合性能更优。

By establishing the influence index of steering performance parameters of wheel loader,the change curve was made as smooth as possible,including steering oil pump pressure,steering hydraulic oil pump working flow,and the left and right two-sided power arms in the steering process,the stroke and force arm change curve,the stroke change curve.In order to achieve a certain steering speed,it was desirable to reduce the cylinder stroke,and increased the cylinder arm,and the steering process was smooth,and the steering power consumption was less,through the establishment of the elastic process resistance torque parameter,the equation of the steering cylinder,the steering angular velocity,the sport speed of the left and right cylinders were calculated,and the optimization target function of the force arm was established,and the minimum mounting distance and the maximum relationship of the maximum route according to the structural constraints of the cylinder was also required.By using the optimization design toolbox software of MATLAB numerical calculation software for optimization calculation,the comprehensive hinge joint position parameters of the hinge mechanism with the best hinge steering performance in line with the above optimization design objectives were obtained,and the optimization design of the hinge steering mechanism of the wheel loader was realized,which provided a theoretical basis for the steering performance design of the loader.The adoption of the four optimization objectives makes the comprehensive performance better.