清末吐鲁番地区的“管业执照”——以《清代新疆档案选辑》户科为中心

The "Management License" in Turpan during the Late Qing Dynasty——Focusing on Huke in "Selected Xinjiang Archives of Qing Dynasty"

《清代新疆档案选辑》户科较为集中地收录了清末吐鲁番地区的管业执照及清丈、勘察等相关档案资料292件,鉴于学界目前尚无该论题的专门研究,本文以《清代新疆档案选辑》户科为资料基础,从管业执照的释义、形制、申领、颁发、管理以及纠纷等展开对清末吐鲁番地区管业执照的初步研究与探讨,指出清末吐鲁番地区的“管业执照”是对土地等产业权利的官方确认,是国家管理职能在基层的实践,反映了清代新疆建省后吐鲁番厅基层社会治理能力的逐步提升。

"Selected Xinjiang Archives of Qing Dynasty" collected 292 related archives,such as management licenses,land measurement surveying,and other related archives in the Turpan area in the late Qing Dynasty. In view of the situation that currently there is no specific research on this topic in the academic world,based on the Huke in the "Selected Xinjiang Archives of Qing Dynasty",this paper is a preliminary research on the management license in terms of its interpretation,form,application,issuance,disputes resolution of Turpan in the late Qing Dynasty. The research has pinpointed that the "management license" in the Turpan region in the late Qing Dynasty was an official confirmation of property rights such as land,and it was the practice of the state administration at the local level,reflecting the gradual improvement of the social governance capacity in the local level in the Turpan after the establishment of Xinjiang province in the Qing Dynasty.