伊犁河上游青铜时代中期社会状况研究

The Upper Ili River Society in the Middle Bronze Age

青铜时代中期,在伊犁河上游地区出现了有着大型墓葬和大型房屋遗存的吉仁台沟口中心聚落,形成了不同层级的聚落和墓葬所代表的区域性社会组织,推测已经进入类似“酋邦”或“古国”的复杂社会阶段。良好的自然环境、农牧业结合的生业模式、发达的青铜冶铸业应当都是推动伊犁河上游社会复杂化的重要因素,尤其对于铜矿资源的占据和青铜冶铸业的存在,当为伊犁河上游人群能够在众多的草原畜牧人群中脱颖而出的关键原因。伊犁河上游的社会复杂化过程因此也具有了较为明显的自身特点。

In middle Bronze Age,a multi-level class society emerged in the upper Ili River,which is similar with"chiefdom"or"ancient state".Jirentaigoukou site was considered as a central settlement because it found the huge tomb and house.Many factors contributed to the social complexity in the upper Ili River,such as favorable natural environment,subsistence strategy combined with agriculture and animal husbandry and the development of metallurgical industry.Of these,developed metallurgical industry was the key cause.Thus,the progress of social complexity in the upper Ili River has its own characteristics.