新疆地区5 019例变应性鼻炎吸入过敏原谱特点分析

Analysis of inhaled allergen spectrum characteristics of allergic rhinitis in 5019 cases in Xinjiang area

目的:分析新疆地区近13年间变应性鼻炎(AR)患者过敏原谱的特点。方法:回顾性总结2 007—2 019年5 019例AR患者的皮肤点刺实验(SPT)结果,分析14种过敏原在13年间及在不同性别、年龄、族别患者中的分布情况。结果:14种过敏原在不同年份间的分布明显不同,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。14种过敏原总体阳性率前3位分别为:藜属48.2%(2 398/4 970)、车前草33.3%(1 221/3 667)、艾蒿33.1%(1 647/4 974)。除狗上皮阳性率在不同性别( χ2=0.041, P>0.05)、不同年龄间( χ2=3.8, P>0.05)间差异无统计学意义外,其余过敏原阳性率差异均具有统计学意义( P值均<0.05)。除交链孢霉( χ2=7.3)、特异青霉( χ2=0.3)、猫上皮( χ2=3.1)、尘螨( χ2=1.4)、粉螨( χ2=0.5)、蟑螂( χ2=2.9)6种过敏原阳性率在不同民族间分布差异无统计学意义( P值均>0.05)外,其余艾蒿( χ2=64.9)、藜属( χ2=204.1)、豚草( χ2=72.4)、车前草( χ2=87.8)、梯牧草( χ2=55.4)、刺槐( χ2=67.8)、杨树( χ2=70.8)、狗上皮( χ2=15.7)8种过敏原阳性率在不同民族间的差异均有统计学意义( P值均<0.05)。 结论:新疆地区过敏原分布随时间的不同不断发生变化,主要过敏原以草本类为主,过敏原在不同性别、年龄、族别AR患者中的分布不同。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of allergen spectrum in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Xinjiang area in recent 13 years.Methods The skin prick test(SPT)results of 5019 AR patients from 2007 to 2019 were retrospectively summarized,and 14 allergens of different age,gender and race were analyzed.Results The distribution of 14 allergens was significantly different in different years,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The top three positive rates of 14 allergens were quinoa 48.2%(2398/4970),plantain 33.3%(1221/3667),and Artemisia 33.1%(1647/4974).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of dog epithelium between different genders and ages(χ²=0.041,P>0.05;χ²=3.8,P>0.05),the difference of other allergen in positive rates was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The positive rates of Alternaria Alternata(χ²=7.3),Penicillium Sp.(χ²=0.3),Cat Epithelium(χ²=3.1),Dust Mite(χ²=1.4),Acaroid Mite(χ²=0.5)and Cockroach(χ²=2.9)had no significant difference among different races(all P>0.05).The positive rates of other eight allergens including Artemisia Vulgaris(χ²=64.9),Chenopodium(χ²=204.1),Artemisiifolia(χ²=72.4),Plantain(χ²=87.8),Phleum Pratense L(χ²=55.4),Robinia Pseudoacacia(χ²=67.8),Canis Familiari(χ²=70.8),Dog Epithelium(χ²=15.7)were significantly different among different races(all P<0.05).Conclusion The distribution of allergens in Xinjiang area changes with time,the main allergens are mainly herbaceous,and the distribution of allergens in patients with AR is different in gender,age and race.