木质素的结构与应用

Structure and Application of Lignin

木质素一种含量丰富的天然芳香族聚合物,具有循环再生、价格低廉的优点,可以作为化学高分子材料、高附加值化学品、生物染料等制备原料,但由于天然木质素分子量大、结构复杂等原因不能直接利用,而改性木质素特性优异,极大地拓宽了应用领域。简要介绍了木质素的基本结构单元及结构单元之间的连接方式,重点阐述了改性对木质素各性能的影响,以及改性后的木质素在分散剂、粘合剂、吸附剂、生理生化、农业、制备小分子产物等方面的应用研究进展,具体分析了应用受限的原因并展望了其应用前景。

Lignin is a natural aromatic-containing polymer with the advantages of recycling and low price.It can be used as a raw material for the preparation of chemical poly materials,high value-added chemicals,biological dyes,etc.However,due to the large molecular weight and complex structure of natural lignin,it cannot be used directly.But the modified lignin has excellent properties,which broadens the application field greatly.In this article,the basic structural units of lignin and the connection methods between the structural units were introduced,the impact of modification on the properties of lignin was discussed as well as the application research progress of modified lignin in dispersants,adhesives,adsorbents,physiology and biochemistry,agriculture,preparation of small molecule products.At last,the reasons for the limited application were analyzed in detail,and its application prospects were prospected.