功利主义视角下数字公共图书馆版权侵权规避研究

Research on the Avoidance of Copyright Infringement in Digital Public Libraries from the Perspective of Utilitarianism

法律规范的束缚、对违约责任和侵权责任的误解以及苛责的归责原则,使得数字公共图书馆在侵权诉讼中经常面临败诉后果。尽管数字公共图书馆无侵权行为的故意,但作为作品利益链条的终端却不得不为数据商的侵权行为“背书”,从而被指责为间接侵权。现有版权侵权纾困路径的法教义学偏向过于明显,对域外制度的原位继受和对既定规范的形式推理不能使图书馆摆脱当前的侵权困境。因此须从功利主义视角出发,分别立足于价值、手段、技术以及动机四个方面重新建构其运作机制,以合理使用为基本准则,采用过错归责原则并辅之以正向激励和行政监察,使适当性、必要性和均衡性贯彻始终,以期数字公共图书馆可真正摆脱侵权困境并科学发挥其法定职能。

The bondage of legal norms,the misunderstanding of liability for breach of contract and tort liability,and the harsh imputation principle make the digital public library often face the consequences of losing the lawsuit in tort litigation.Although the digital public library has no intention of tort,as the terminal of the interest chain of works,it has to"endorse"the tort of data providers,which is accused of indirect tort.The legal doctrinal bias of the existing relief path for copyright infringement is too obvious.The in-situ inheritance of extraterritorial systems and the formal reasoning of established norms can not make the library get rid of the current infringement dilemma.Therefore,it is necessary to proceed from the perspective of utilitarianism,reconstruct its operation mechanism based on the four aspects of value,means,technology and motivation,take reasonable use as the basic criterion,adopt the fault imputation principle and supplement it with positive incentives and administrative supervision,so as to carry out appropriateness,necessity and balance from start to finish.It is expected that the digital public library can truly get rid of the predicament of infringement and exert its legal functions scientifically.