中国作物育种研究热点与发展趋势——基于创新要素供给视角

Research on the Development Trend of Crop Breeding in China from the Supply of Innovative Elements

[目的/意义]通过创新发展要素供给分析,更全面研判学科热点发展趋势,为学科发展政策体系完善、专项计划科学部署及研究布局优化提供参考。[方法/过程]采用文本分析、信息关联法,梳理基础研究、技术创新、行业报告等成果产出热点,在“成果基础”模块的学科热点方向分析结果上,综合研究国家战略需求、政策导向推动、研发资金投入等多维创新要素对热点的集聚导向作用,研判学科热点趋势。[结果/结论]以作物育种学科为例,热点分为成果基础与创新资源集成类、创新资源要素集中类、潜在发展类3类。基因编辑育种、分子标记辅助育种、基因组育种、转基因技术等现代生物育种技术,以及作物性状调控关键基因挖掘及性状分子调控机理研究、作物性状改良等方向研究热度高、创新要素集中,未来有望产生一系列优质成果;在种质资源保护利用与精准鉴定,分子设计、数字化智能育种等定向精确育种技术创新等方向的创新要素投入集聚度高,成果有望进一步拓展与突破;倍性育种、遗传转化体系、组织培养、细胞工程育种等传统经典育种技术体系,以及作物表型研究等方向有待激发研究新动能。热点研究整体呈现“常规育种+现代生物技术育种+信息化精准化育种”发展趋势。

[Purpose/Significance]A more comprehensive picture of the development trend of the hotspots can be obtained through the analysis of the supply of innovative development elements.This research aims to provide references for the improvement of the disciplinary development policy systems,the scientific deployment of special plans and the optimization of the research layouts.[Method/Process]The study is based on the text analysis and information correlation method.First,the hotspots of basic research,technological innovation,and industry reports were sorted out.Then,the agglomeration and guiding role of multi-dimensional innovation elements on hotspots was studied,such as national strategic needs,policy-oriented promotion,and R&D capital investment.Accordingly,the development trend of subject hotspots was considered.[Results/Conclusions]Taking crop breeding as an example,the hotspots were divided into three categories based on this analytical method.There are intense research interests in the following directions,containing modern biological breeding technologies such as gene-editing breeding,molecular marker-assisted breeding,genome breeding,and transgenic technology,as well as mining of key genes for crop trait regulation and research on molecular regulation mechanism of traits,and crop trait improvement,in which the innovation elements are concentrated.Therefore,a series of high-quality results are expected to be produced in the future.The investments in innovation elements are highly concentrated,and the corresponding results are expected to be further expanded in the fields of the protection,utilization and accurate identification of germplasm resources,and innovations of targeted and precise breeding technologies such as molecular design and digital intelligent breeding.Classical breeding technology systems such as ploidy breeding,genetic transformation systems,tissue culture,and cell engineering breeding,as well as crop phenotype research,are calling for the new research momentum.In summary,the hotspot research of crop breeding subject in China showed the development trend of"conventional breeding+modern biotechnology breeding+information-based precision breeding".