2016年至2020年1~6岁儿童呼吸道感染病例流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in preschool children aged 1-6 years in 2016-2020

目的调查和分析界首市2016年至2020年学龄前儿童呼吸道感染的流行性特征,为临床快速诊断及治疗提供基础研究数据。方法间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测12842例呼吸道感染患儿血清样本的嗜肺军团菌(LP),肺炎支原体(MP),Q热立克次体(COX),肺炎衣原体(CP),腺病毒(ADV),呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),甲型流感病毒(IFA),乙型流感病毒(IFB)和副流感病毒(PIVS)1、2和3型等9种呼吸道病原体。结果1~3岁阶段患儿呼吸道病毒总阳性率为20.43%,其中MP,IFA、IFB和RSV的检出率分别为8.66%、4.38%、4.69%和1.43%。4~6岁阶段患儿呼吸道病毒总阳性率为18.40%,其中MP,IFA、IFB和RSV的检出率分别为6.13%、4.08%、5.16%和0.91%。第1和4季度是1~6岁儿童支气管肺炎的高发季(P<0.05),而上呼吸道感染在2季度的发病率则高于其他3个季度;1~3岁幼儿支气管肺炎和上呼吸道感染病例明显高于4~6岁儿童(P<0.05);1~3岁患儿中,农村患儿病例明显高于城市(P<0.05);受新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响,有效的病毒传染途径阻断措施使2020年1和2季度1~6岁儿童呼吸道疾病发病率明显降低(P<0.001)。结论MP、IFA、IFB是界首市1~6岁儿童呼吸道感染病毒的常见病毒;1~3岁幼儿较3~6岁儿童更易发生呼吸道感染;强有力的病毒传播途径阻断措施可显著降低1~6岁儿童呼吸道疾病发生。

【Objective】To investigate and analyze the prevalence characteristics of respiratory tract infections among preschool children in Jieshou City from 2016 to 2020,and provide basic research data for rapid clinical diagnosis and treatment.【Methods】Nine respiratory pathogens including Legionella Pneumophila(LP),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Q fever Rickettsia(COX),Chlamydia Pneumonia(CP),Adenovirus(ADV),Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV),Influenza A Virus(IFA),Influenza B Virus(IFB)and Parainfluenza Virus(PIVS)1,2 and 3 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA).【Results】The total positive rate of respiratory viruses in children aged 1-3 years was 20.43%,and the detection rates of MP,IFA,IFB and RSV were 8.66%,4.38%,4.69%and 1.43%,respectively.The total positive rate of respiratory viruses in children aged 4-6 years was 18.40%.The detection rates of MP,IFA,IFB and RSV were 6.13%,4.08%,5.16%and 0.91%,respectively.In the first and fourth quarters,the incidence of bronchopneumonia in children aged 1-6 is high(P<0.05),while the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in the second quarter is higher than in the other three quarters.The number of infection cases of bronchopneumonia and upper respiratory tract in children aged 1-3 was significantly higher than that in children aged 4-6(P<0.05).Among children aged 1-3,the number of cases in rural children was significantly higher than that in cities(P<0.05).During the COVID-19 period(2020.01-2020.06),powerful measures to block the route of virus transmission significantly reduced the incidence of respiratory diseases in children aged 1-6(P<0.001).【Conclusion】MP,IFA,and IFB are common viruses for respiratory tract infections in children aged 1-6 in Jieshou City.Children aged 1-3 are more likely to develop respiratory tract infections than children aged 3-6.Powerful measures to block viral transmission can significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases in children aged 1-6 years.