照养人性别社会化态度与儿童早期发展

Caregiver's Attitude towards Gender Socialization and Early Childhood Development

照养人的性别社会化态度在儿童性别社会化进程中具有重要作用,但对儿童早期发展的影响尚待研究。基于2019年云南省某县农村1024个5~25月龄儿童及其家庭的一手调查数据,分析照养人的性别社会化态度对0~3岁儿童认知、语言、运动和社会情感能力发展的影响及作用机制。结果表明:(1)样本儿童的认知、语言、运动和社会情感能力发展至少有一种滞后的比例为86%;(2)照养人的性别社会化态度因儿童的性别而异,对女孩表现出更加传统的性别社会化态度;(3)照养人的性别社会化态度越传统,儿童社会情感发展滞后的可能性越大;(4)照养人的性别社会化态度主要通过改变养育环境(如家庭养育环境、养育行为、管教方式)影响儿童早期发展。

Caregivers'attitude towards gender socialization plays an important role in a child's gender socialization.However,few studies have studied the relationship between caregivers'attitudes towards gender socialization and early child development(ECD).The current study seeks to fill the gap by drawing on a surveyed dataset that the authors collected of 1024 children aged 6-36 months and their caregivers in Yunnan province.We measured four dimensions of early child development,namely cognition,language,motor,and social-emotional skills,using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Ⅲ.We find that 86% of the sample children suffer from at least one of the four dimensions of developmental delay.Caregivers'attitudes towards gender socialization differ between boys and girls,and it is more traditional for girls.Traditional gender socialization is significantly associated with worse social-emotional development by changing parenting environments(e.g.family parenting environments,parenting practice,and parental discipline).