流行性脑脊髓膜炎的实验室分子诊断研究进展

Progress of research on molecular diagnosis for meningococcal meningitis

流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑)是由脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Nm)引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病。快速、准确、灵敏的实验室检测方法可为流脑临床诊断和流行病学监测研究提供可靠的手段和依据。随着生物技术的发展,基于不同技术原理的快速检测方法被开发并应用于流脑实验室检测,显著提高了不同层级实验室Nm检测率和灵敏度,减少了流脑早期诊断所需的时间。本文就目前国内外流脑实验室快速和分子诊断的研究进展作一综述,以期为后续流脑的预防和控制奠定一定基础。

Meningococcal meningitis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis(Nm).Rapid,accurate and sensitive laboratory testing methods can provide reliable means and basis for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring of meningitis.With the development of biotechnology,rapid detection methods based on different technical principles have been developed and applied to the laboratory detection of meningitis,which has significantly improved the rate and sensitivity of detection for Nm in laboratories at different levels and reduced the time required for early diagnosis of meningitis.This article reviews the current research progress in rapid and molecular diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis,to lay a certain foundation for the follow⁃up prevention and control of meningitis.