1956—2020年泰宁县暴雨气候特征分析

Climatic Characteristics of Rainstorm in Taining County from 1956 to 2020

利用泰宁县国家气象观测站1956—2020年逐日降雨观测资料,采用数理统计、MannKendall突变检验、线性趋势分析等方法,研究近65年来泰宁暴雨日数年、季、月分布、极端强降雨极值和日数等气候特征;利用泰宁9个乡镇区域气象站和泰宁县国家气象观测站2009—2020年逐日降雨资料,分析研究泰宁县强降雨的空间和时间分布特征。结果表明:(1)泰宁暴雨月际变化呈单锋型,峰点在6月(占32.4%),年均暴雨日数5.2 d;1989年以后各月暴雨发生频次均为增多趋势。(2)近65年泰宁暴雨发生概率和强度呈增多趋势,特别是1997年后,暴雨日数、大暴雨和连续性暴雨次数均有明显增加趋势,年际间震荡变化幅度增大。(3)泰宁南、北各有一个暴雨中心,与泰宁独特的地理位置和地形地貌对水汽的抬升和喇叭口地形对水汽的汇聚增幅作用有关。

Based on the daily rainfall observation data of Taining national meteorological observation station from 1956 to 2020, this paper studies the climatic characteristics of rainstorm days, seasons,monthly distribution, extreme heavy rainfall extremes and days in Taining in recent 65years by using the methods of mathematical statistics, Mann Kendall catastrophe test and linear trend analysis;Based on the daily rainfall data of 9 Township regional meteorological stations in Taining and the national meteorological observation station in Taining County from 2009 to 2020, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy rainfall in Taining county are analyzed and studied. The results showed that:(1) the monthly variation of Rainstorm in Taining shows a single front type, the peak point was in June(32.4%), and the average annual rainstorm days are 5.2 days. The frequency of rainstorms in each month after 1989 showed an increasing trend.(2) In recent 65 years,the occurrence probability and intensity of Rainstorm in Taining have increased,especially after 1997, the number of rainstorm days, heavy rainstorm and continuous rainstorm have increased significantly, and the variation range of interannual oscillation has increased.(3) There was a rainstorm center in the South and north of Taining, which was related to the uplift of water vapor by Taining’s unique geographical location and landform and the convergence and increase of water vapor by bell mouth topography.