户籍制度背景下的社会资本结构与城乡收入差距

Social Capital Structure and Urban-Rural Income Gap under the Household Registration System

户籍制度是导致城乡收入差距的重要根源之一。在这一制度下,中国人口以及他们拥有的社会资本呈现出独特的结构特征。本文将城乡居民划分为原市民、新市民、流动人口和农村留守人口四类,基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS2015)数据,描述了不同户籍身份群体所拥有的结构型和认知型社会资本特征及差异,实证了户籍改革过程中社会资本结构对城乡居民收入差距的影响。结果表明,不同户籍身份群体所拥有的社会资本结构存在显著差异,呈现出显著的动态过渡性特征;除社交外,社会资本其他结构变量都显著扩大了城乡收入差距;随着常住人口城镇化水平的提高,结构型社会资本对城乡收入差距的扩大作用将会明显缓解,而认知型社会资本则相反;户籍人口城镇化水平的提高,将会缓解认知型社会资本对城乡收入差距的扩大。

The household registration system has caused a split between urban and rural areas and dual structure within the city.Under this system,China’s population and their social capital display structural characteristics of their own.This paper divides urban and rural residents into four categories:original citizens,new citizens,floating population and agricultural population.By using Chinese General Social Survey data(CGSS 2015),we describe the characteristics and differences of structural and cognitive social capital between groups with different registration identities,and empirically analyze the influence on urban-rural income and income gap that social capital structure has during the period of registration reformation.The result shows that:social capital structure has a significant difference among groups with different registration identity,presenting significant characteristic of dynamic transition;structural social capital and cognitive social capital significantly expand urban-rural income gap;with the development of permanent population urbanization,the impact of structural social capital on expansion of income gap will be mitigated,but impact of cognitive social capital is just the opposite;improvement of registered population urbanization mitigates impact of cognitive social capital on income gap.