从民间到官方:民国时期国民收入核算

National Income Accounting in the Period of the Republic of China:From Nongovernmental Research to Official Study

国民收入是反映国家经济发展形势的综合指标。20世纪上半叶的战争给全球经济带来了深刻的影响,许多国家需要获得国民收入数据进行经济的恢复与重建。伴随着凯恩斯主义的广泛传播,国民收入核算理论与实践在世界范围内不断发展。中国学者和机构对国民收入进行核算开始于20世纪30年代末,40年代初研究成果逐渐增多。当时,政府实施战时经济统治。战后,进行经济建设的要求日甚,迫切需要掌握国民收入情况,国际上也需要中国提供国民收入数据。在这种背景下,国民收入研究由学者的测算转变为由政府机构组织相关专家进行研究。民国时期的国民收入核算对于当时经济政策的制定起到了一定的作用,在国际上也产生了一定的影响。本文从学术史的角度出发,对国民收入核算的过程及后续的发展、影响进行简要的分析。

National income is a comprehensive indicator of the economic development of a country. The war in the first half of the 20th century had a profound impact on the global economy. Many countries need to obtain national income data for economic recovery and reconstruction. Accompanied by the widespread dissemination of Keynesianism,the theory and practice of national income accounting are constantly developing around the world. The accounting of national income by Chinese scholars and institutions began in the late 1930s,and research results gradually increased in the early 1940s. At that time,the government implemented the ruling economy in wartime,and economic construction after the war required increasing demands. It was urgent to grasp the national income situation,and China was also required to provide national income data internationally. Under this background,the researchers of national income have changed from scholars to government organizations to organize relevant experts to conduct research. The accounting of national income during the period of the Republic of China played a certain role in the formulation of economic policies at that time and also had a certain impact on the international community. From the perspective of academic history,the article briefly analyzes the process and influence of national income accounting and some subsequent developments.