三种不同免疫检验方式在HIV检测中的可靠性观察

Reliability Observation of Three Different Immunoassay Test Methods in HIV Detection

目的观察3种不同免疫检验方式在HIV检测中的可靠性。方法选取2016年1月-2021年4月我站采集血液中筛查出的50份HIV阳性血清为观察组,另选取30份同期未感染HIV无偿献血者血清为对照组,分别采用双抗原夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)、乳胶颗粒标记免疫层析试验、双抗原夹心和双抗体夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)对两组血清样本进行抗HIV检测,观察各种检测方法血清阳性检测率、HIV检测的灵敏度、特异度及准确率。结果ELISA双抗原夹心法、乳胶颗粒标记免疫层析试验、ELISA双抗原夹心和双抗体夹心法对室间质量评价血清、2 NCU/ml、4 NCU/ml质控品的阳性检出率均高于对照组,且ELISA抗原抗体夹心法阳性检出率高于乳胶颗粒标记免疫层析试验、ELISA双抗原夹心法(P<0.05);ELISA抗原抗体夹心法检测HIV灵敏度、特异度、准确率均高于乳胶颗粒标记免疫层析试验、ELISA双抗原夹心法(P<0.05)。结论ELISA双抗原夹心法、乳胶颗粒标记免疫层析试验、ELISA双抗原夹心和双抗体夹心法检测HIV均具有较高的可靠性,但是与乳胶颗粒标记免疫层析试验、ELISA双抗原夹心法比较,ELISA抗原抗体夹心法检测准确率、灵敏度以及特异度均较高,具有相对更高的可靠性。

Objective To observe the reliability of three different immunoassay methods in HIV detection.Methods A total of 50 HIV positive serum samples collected from our station from January 2016 to April 2021 were selected as the observation group,and another 30 serum samples from non-infected voluntary blood donors in the same period were selected as the control group.The anti-HIV detection of the two groups of serum samples was carried out by double antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),latex particle-labeled immunochromatographic assay,double antigen sandwich and double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.The positive detection rate of serum,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of HIV detection were observed.Results The positive detection rates of serum,2 NCU/ml and 4 NCU/ml quality control products by ELISA double antigen sandwich method,latex particle labeled immunochromatography test,ELISA double antigen sandwich method and double antibody sandwich method were higher than those of the control group,and the positive detection rate of ELISA antigen antibody sandwich method was higher than that of latex particle labeled immunochromatography test and ELISA double antigen sandwich method(P<0.05).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ELISA antigen-antibody sandwich method for HIV detection were higher than those of latex particle labeled immunochromatography assay and ELISA double antigen sandwich method(P<0.05).Conclusion ELISA double antigen sandwich method,latex particle-labeled immunochromatographic assay,ELISA double antigen sandwich method and double antibody sandwich method have high reliability for HIV detection.However,compared with latex particle-labeled immunochromatographic assay and ELISA double antigen sandwich method,ELISA antigen-antibody sandwich method has higher detection accuracy,sensitivity and specificity,and has relatively higher reliability.