不同成熟度分类采收装炕对上部烟叶品质及酶活性的影响

Effect of Harvesting and Curing Based on Maturity on Quality and Enzyme Activity of Upper Tobacco Leaves

【目的】探明上部4~6片不同成熟度烟叶分棚次装炕对烤后烟叶品质及酶活性影响,以期为三门峡及类似烟区的生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】以云烟87为试验材料,上部烟叶按成熟度设上部6片叶混合采收统一编杆后单独装炕于烤房中间棚次(CK)、上3片叶单独采收统一编杆后单独装于烤房下棚(T_(1))和下3片叶单独采收统一编杆后单独装于烤房上棚(T_(2))3个处理,研究其上部烟叶品质及酶活性的影响。【结果】各处理淀粉含量在干球温度38℃稳温终止前快速下降,42℃稳温终止前缓慢下降,随后趋于稳定;总糖和还原糖含量变化趋势基本一致,前期快速升高,CK和T_(1)在42℃稳温开始时略有下降,随后上升,CK和T_(2)在47℃稳温开始时达最大值;蛋白质含量变化趋势与淀粉类似,但整个时期内均以T_(1)含量最高;烟碱含量呈双峰曲线变化,在38℃稳温开始时达第1个峰值,随后降低,CK和T_(2)在42℃稳温终止时达到第2个峰值后开始降低,T_(1)在47℃稳温开始时达第2个峰值后开始降低;α-淀粉酶和中性蛋白酶活性均呈单峰曲线,分别在42℃稳温开始和终止时达峰值,随后降低,峰值后T_(1)均高于CK和T_(2)。【结论】上部6片叶一次采收、分成熟度编杆后装炕,有利于协调烘烤过程中不同成熟度烟叶的温湿度环境和调控烟叶淀粉、总糖等主要化学成分的含量以及关键酶活性的代谢进程,适于在三门峡及类似烟区推广应用。

【Objective】The effects of upper 4~6 tobacco leaves with different maturity on the quality of cured tobacco are studied to provide the scientific basis for the production and application in Sanmenxia and similar tobacco-growing area.【Method】Taking Yunyan 87 as test material,three treatments are set up,including upper 6 leaves mixed harvesting,weaving and curing in middle layer of curing barn(CK),upper 3 leaves harvesting,weaving and curing in lower layer of curing barn(T_(1)),and lower 3 leaves harvesting,weaving and curing in upper layer of curing barn(T_(2)).The effects of three treatments on the quality and enzyme activity of upper tobacco leaves of Yunyan 87 are studied.【Result】The starch content of each treatment decreases rapidly before the end of stable temperature at 38℃,declines slowly before the end of stable temperature at 42℃,and then tends to be stable;The total sugar and reducing sugar content has the similar variation trend,rising quickly at earlier stage,CK and T_(1) declining slightly at the beginning of stable temperature at 42℃,and then rising,CK and T_(2) reaching the maximum at the beginning of stable temperature at 47℃.The protein content variation trend is similar to starch,but T_(1) has the highest content in all stages;The nicotine content shows a bimodal curve variation,reaching the first peak at the beginning of stable temperature at 38℃,then declining,CK and T_(2) reaching the second peak at the end of stable temperature at 42℃and then declining,while T_(1) reaching the second peak at the beginning of stable temperature at 47℃and then declining;α-amylase and neutral protease activity show an unimodal curve,reaching the peak at the beginning and at the end of stable temperature at 42℃respectively,and then declining,T_(1) is higher than that of CK and T_(2) after reaching the peak.【Conclusion】The upper six leaves are harvested at one time,woven and loaded based on maturity,which is conducive to coordinating the temperature and humidity environment of tobacco leaves with different maturity during baking,regulating the content of main chemical components such as starch and total sugar and the metabolic process of key enzyme activities.It is suitable for popularization and application in Sanmenxia and similar tobacco-growing areas.