不同小麦品种的茎秆特性与抗倒性

Study on the Stem Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Different Wheat Varieties

【目的】明确影响小麦抗倒性的主要因素,为小麦抗倒性品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以生产上应用较广泛的邯麦16、邯麦17、济麦22、衡4399和石麦22等5个小麦品种为材料,研究不同小麦品种节间生长特性、茎秆机械强度和倒伏指数的差异。【结果】邯麦17的茎秆机械强度较大(495.6 g),倒伏指数较小(0.749),与其他品种差异显著,且其基部节间短粗,节间壁较厚,基部节间的鲜重和干重较多,鲜干密度较大,茎秆质量好,抗倒性好;株高、重心高度、基2节长与倒伏指数呈显著正相关,机械强度、基部节间的鲜重、干重、壁厚呈显著负相关,且第2节壁厚与倒伏指数的相关系数较大(r=-0.901);基2节壁厚,适当降低株高,提高茎秆机械强度,可增强植株的抗倒能力。【结论】邯麦17的抗倒性优于其他品种;小麦抗倒性品种选育上应注重选择基2节壁较厚的株系。

【Objective】The main factors affecting the lodging resistance of wheat were identified to provide theoretical basis of the breeding of wheat lodging-resistant varieties.【Method】Five wheat varieties widely used in production,including Hanmai 16,Hanmai 17,Jimai 22,Heng 4399 and Shimai 22,were used as materials to study the differences in internode growth characteristics,stem mechanical strength and lodging index of different wheat varieties.【Result】Hanmai 17 has higher mechanical strength(495.6 g)and lower lodging index(0.749),which is significantly different from other varieties.The base internodes of Hanmai 17 are short and thick,and the walls of the internodes are relatively thick.The fresh weight and dry weight of basal internode of Hanmai 17 are more,the fresh and dry density are larger,the stem quality is good,and the lodging resistance is good.The plants height,height of gravity center,base two section lengths is significantly positively correlated with lodging index,while the mechanical strength,fresh weight,dry weight and wall thickness of base internodes are significantly negatively correlated,and the wall thickness of the second internodes is significantly negatively correlated with lodging resistance,as the correlation coefficient of the index is large(r=-0.901).The wall thickness of the base two nodes,appropriately reducing the plant height and improving the mechanical strength of the stem,can enhance the lodging resistance of the plant.【Conclusion】The lodging resistance of Hanmai 17 is better than other varieties.The lines of thicker wall of two nodes should be major choice in breeding wheat lodging-resistant varieties.