高产优良食味杂交籼稻结实期的生理特征

Physiological Characteristics of Hybrid Indica Rice with High Yield and Good Taste During Grain-filling Stage

【目的】探明不同食味类型高产杂交籼稻的生理机制,为杂交籼稻高产与优良食味协同提供理论参考。【方法】以高产普通食味杂交籼稻(F优498和中优295)为对照,研究高产优良食味杂交籼稻(蓉18优2348和晶两优534)结实期的叶面积和叶绿素衰减、干物质积累等生理特征变化。【结果】与高产普通食味杂交籼稻比,高产优良食味杂交籼稻的米饭食味品质显著提高;抽穗至成熟阶段的平均叶面积衰减速率和平均叶绿素衰减速率分别降低27.01%和29.49%;群体干物质平均增加8.26%;籽粒的直链淀粉含量平均降低15.50%;蛋白质含量以蓉18优2348最低,为6.45%。与高产普通食味杂交籼稻(F优498)比,高产优良食味杂交籼稻(蓉18优2348)籽粒的球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白分别降低9.84%、13.73%和20.90%。【结论】改善结实期的光合生理特征和适当降低成熟期籽粒中直链淀粉含量、蛋白质及其组分含量可能是杂交籼稻高产与优良食味协同的重要原因。

【Objective】To explore the physiological mechanism of high-yielding hybrid indica rice variety with different eating quality,and provide theoretical reference for the synergy of high yield and good taste of hybrid indica rice.【Method】Using the hybrid indica rice variety with high yield and common taste(Fyou 498 and Zhongyou 295)as the control,the changes in the leaf area reduction,chlorophyll attenuation and dry matter accumulation of the hybrid indica rice variety with high yield and good taste(Rong 18 you 2348 and Jingliangyou 534)at grain-filling stage were studied.【Result】Compared with CK,the eating quality of the hybrid indica rice variety with high yield and good taste(Rong 18 you 2348 and Jingliangyou 534)was significantly improved,and the average decay rate of LAI and SPAD during grain-filling stage decreased by 27.01%and 29.49%,respectively.The accumulation of dry matter at grain-filling stage increased averagely by 8.26%.The amylose content in rice kernel averagely decreased by 15.50%.The protein content in Rong 18 you 2348 is the lowest with 6.45%.Compared with the hybrid indica rice variety with high yield and common taste(Fyou 498),the globulin,prolamin and glutenin in rice grain decreased by 9.84%,13.73%and 20.90%,respectively.【Conclusion】The improvement of physiological characteristics of rice plants during grain-filling stage and appropriate reduction of amylose content,protein content and its components in rice grains may be the important reasons for the synergy between high yield and good taste of hybrid indica rice.