细胞焦亡在肝损伤微环境中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of pyroptosis in the microenvironment of liver injury

细胞焦亡(pyroptosis)是一种新型细胞程序性死亡方式,其特征是活化的消皮素D(gasdermin D,GSDMD)在细胞膜上形成微孔,使细胞内外的渗透压发生改变,最终细胞肿胀破裂,并释放大量的炎症因子及胞质内容物,从而参与机体免疫炎性反应。研究表明,细胞焦亡与肝损伤的发生发展有着密切的关系,过度的细胞焦亡将会导致肝损伤的加剧,危害机体的健康。本文主要对细胞焦亡的不同激活途径及其在肝损伤微环境中的作用机制加以综述。

Pyroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death characterized by the formation of micropores in the cell membrane by activated gasdermin D,which changes the osmotic pressure between the inside and outside of the cell.This eventually swells and ruptures the cell,and releases a large number of inflammatory factors and cytoplasmic contents,thereby participating in the inflammatory immune response.Studies have shown that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver damage,and excessive pyroptosis aggravates liver damage.This article mainly reviews the different activation pathways of pyroptosis and its mechanisms of action in the liver injury microenvironment.