关于构建农村相对贫困治理长效机制的若干思考

On Constructing a Long-term Mechanism for the Governance of Rural Relative Poverty

相对贫困与收入分配格局、收入差距紧密相关,从绝对贫困向相对贫困的转换,必然要求中国扶贫治理战略随之转变。中国扶贫治理正迈入逐步建立缓解相对贫困长效机制的新阶段。农村相对贫困群体的教育水平较低,收入构成、负债和金融资产情况存在差别,相对贫困线以下存在不同类型的贫困状态。通过定量考察农村相对贫困人群的区域分布,发现其主要集中在欠发达的西部地区。关于农村相对贫困治理的制度方向和缓解相对贫困的机制设计,建议针对性地治理不同类别的相对贫困,以阶梯型、分类化措施持续缓解相对贫困;注重区域公平,以纵向和横向转移支付为重要补充,为西部其他欠发达农村发展提供支持;改善外部发展环境,增强相对贫困人群的内生发展动力;在发挥政府作用的同时,更注重发挥市场机制的作用,运用市场化手段建立缓解相对贫困的长效增收机制。

Relative poverty is a concept closely related to the pattern of income distribution and income gap.The transition from absolute poverty to relative poverty inevitably requires a change in China's poverty alleviation and governance strategies.The governance of poverty alleviation in China is entering the new stage of gradually establishing a long-term mechanism for alleviating relative poverty.Relatively poor groups in rural areas have a lower education level and differ in their income composition,liabilities and financial assets,so there exist different types of poverty status below the relative poverty line.Through quantitative research on the regional distribution of relatively poor people in rural areas,it is found that they are mainly distributed in the less developed western regions.Regarding the governance system of rural relative poverty and the design of the mechanism for alleviating relative poverty,the recommended measures include targeting different types of relative poverty and alleviating relative poverty continuously with stepped and classified methods,focusing on regional equity,supplementing the vertical and horizontal transfer payments and providing support for the development of underdeveloped rural areas in the west,improving the external development environment and enhancing the endogenous development momentum of the relatively poor,and emphasizing the role of the market mechanism in addition to the government's role and using market-oriented means to plan and establish a long-term income-raising mechanism for alleviating relative poverty.