论民法典绿色原则的程序价值——从环境民事公益诉讼适格原告的实践困境切入

On the Procedural Value of the “Green Principle” in The Civil Code : The Practical Dilemma of Qualified Plaintiffs in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

绿色原则内含公益性质的环境权属性,程序性环境权则为环境权重要的组成部分。中国环境民事公益诉讼存在适格原告范围偏窄、诉讼能力和积极性低下等现实问题。为妥善解决现有问题,宜以绿色原则为指导,以实现环境权为目的,将程序性环境权理念嵌入现行民事诉讼制度的方式中,将现有裁判私权模式转化为公共价值模式,赋予公民和一般团体适格原告地位;施行环境民事公益诉讼领域的律师援助制度、司法救助制度,并设立环境民事公益诉讼专项基金,切实降低原告的诉讼成本;完善文书提出制度,增设当事人照会制度,增强原告举证能力等,使绿色原则与环境民事公益诉讼良好融合。

The“green principle”includes a public-interest attribute of the environmental right,and the procedural environmental right is an important part of environmental right.China's environmental civil public-interest litigation has such practical problems as narrow scope of qualified plaintiffs and low litigation ability and enthusiasm.In order to solve the existing problems properly,the“green principle”should be taken as the guidance and the realization of the environmental right as the purpose.The concept of procedural environmental right should be embedded into the way of the current civil litigation system and the existing“private right model”of judgment should be transformed into a“public value model”,giving citizens and general groups the status of qualified plaintiff.It is also necessary to implement the lawyer assistance system and the judicial assistance system in the field of environmental civil public-interest litigation and establish a special fund for the kind of litigation to effectively reduce the litigation cost of plaintiffs.Moreover,the document submission system needs to be improved,the party note system needs to be added and the plaintiff's ability to provide evidence needs to be enhanced so as to make the“green principle”well integrated with environmental civil public-interest litigation.