决议行为效力瑕疵的分类与认定

Classification and Determination of Defects in the Validity of Resolution Transactions

决议是社团以自身名义作出的,以表决权人的表决行为(意思表示)为基础并经多数决整合而成的一种反映团体共同意志的法律行为。就其效力瑕疵的划分而言,比较法上存在多种立法例,各有其优点及缺陷。通过引入“分层理论”,可以实现对既有法律行为效力瑕疵体系的重塑。在此基础上,决议不成立独立于决议效力瑕疵,决议效力瑕疵包括无效与可撤销两种形态,效力待定与尚未生效均非决议效力瑕疵形态。决议无效与可撤销背后的效力配置逻辑不同,二者对应的效力瑕疵事由亦有所不同。为防止撤销决议之诉的滥用,应赋予法官有限的裁量驳回权。《民法典》第156条关于民事法律行为部分无效的规定,亦可适用于决议。

Resolution is a legal transaction made by an association in its own name,based on the voting behavior(declaration of will)of the voting rights holders and consolidated by a majority vote,reflecting the common will of the association.As far as the classification of defects in the validity of resolution transaction is concerned,there are various legislative precedents in comparative law,each with its own advantages and drawbacks.By introducing the“Stratification Theory”,a reshaping of defects in the validity of legal transaction system can be achieved.On this basis,a distinction should be made between the non-existence of resolution and defects in the validity of resolution.Defects in the validity of resolution include both invalid and voidable forms,suspended validity and not-yet effective are not the defects in the validity of resolution.The logic behind the configuration of the validity of invalid and voidable resolutions is different,the causes of defects in the validity of resolution are also different between them.In order to prevent the abuse of resolution revocation suits,judges should be given limited discretionary power to dismiss.Article 156 of the Chinese Civil Code,which provides for partial invalidation of civil legal transactions,can be applied to resolution transactions.