探析太昊伏羲都于“宛丘”之由——从《诗经》“宛丘”意象来看

A Study of the Reason of Fuxi’s Capital Wanqiu——from the Image of “Wanqiu” in The Book of Songs

历来的神话传说都记载到太昊伏羲定都宛丘,但其原因不明。通过文学人类学的四重证据法,重点分析《诗经》中与“宛丘”相关的两首诗歌《宛丘》与《东门之枌》,发现“宛丘”与“蛇”具有象征对应关系,它主要通过“宛丘”本身的丘名,“宛丘之上”“宛丘之下”“宛丘之道”的空间布局,宛丘之“栩”的存在,在宛丘的“婆娑”舞蹈来象征和模拟蛇的头部、蛇身和盘旋状态、蛇行动作等。伏羲定都于宛丘的神话是基于“蛇”形的“伏羲”与“蛇”形的“宛丘”之间存在象征对应关系。而“蛇崇拜”从源头上支撑着伏羲定都于宛丘的神话创造。

This paper mainly analyses the snake worship culture on Wanqiu by inferring two poems related to Wanqiu in The Book of Songs by “Four Evidence Method” of literary anthropology. This kind of snake worship mainly symbolizes and imitates the “head”, “body” and “spiral state” of snakes and their actions by describing the name of hill Wanqiu itself, the direction “above”, “under” and “the road of Wanqiu”, the tree in the Wanqiu and the “whirring” dance. The myth that Fuxi made its capital in Wanqiu is based on the symbolic correspondence between the snake-shaped Fuxi and the snake-shaped Wanqiu. The belief of “snake worship” supports Fuxi’s mythical creation of capital in Wanqiu.