高等院校本科课程模式及其变化

A Study of Undergraduate Curriculum Models in Higher Education Institutions: Historical and Comparative Perspectives

本文从历史和比较的角度.简要考察了高等院校本科层次六种主要课程模式的变化以及不同模式的主要特征。它们包括自由教育(liberal education)、专业教育(professional education)、培养学者和科研人员的教育(scientific education)、通识教育(general education)、职业技术教育(vocational and technical education)和能力本位教育(competence-based education)课程模式。本文认为,上述不同课程模式的出现和形成无疑都受到特定社会、经济、政治、文化传统和高等教育发展阶段的影响.课.程模式的产生、变化和发展也是不同模式相互冲突、否定和融合的过程。只有那些对知识发展、学生就业以及对国家和社会发展有直接和明显贡献的模式才得以在高等院校长久立足。此外,新的课程模式的出现并非完全否定历史上或现有课程模式的过程。

From the historical and comparative perspectives, this article examines the six major curriculum models at the undergraduate level in higher education institutions and their key characteristics. The six curriculum models include liberal education, professional education, scientific education, general education, vocational and technical education, and competence-based education. The article concludes that the emergence and formation of the above-mentioned different curriculum models is undoubtedly affected by the economic, political, and cultural situations of a society, and also influenced by the development stages of higher education;the emergence and development of the curriculum models is also a process in which different models conflict, deny and merge among one another;only those models that have direct and obvious contributions to the development of knowledge, the employment of graduates, and the development of the country and society can have a long-term foothold in higher education institutions;last but not least, the emergence of a new curriculum model is not a process that is a total denial of the historical or existing curriculum models.