人源化小鼠在呼吸道病原研究中的应用与发展

Application and development of humanized mice for respiratory pathogen research

小鼠模型对于呼吸道病原的研究有着重要意义。然而进化所带来的肺及免疫系统的物种差异,使小鼠模型难以精准模拟人体的呼吸道病原感染。通过构建免疫系统人源化小鼠,可更好地再现人体免疫系统对呼吸道病原感染的应答。构建肺组织人源化小鼠和肺/免疫系统双人源化小鼠可实现人特异性的呼吸道病原感染及其免疫响应。本综述将从免疫系统、肺、肺/免疫系统双人源化3个方面,回顾人源化小鼠在人类呼吸道病原研究方面的进展。

Mouse models are of great interest for studying human respiratory pathogens.However,evolutionary species divergence has led to differences in lung structure and the immune system between humans and mice,making the study of human respiratory pathogens in mouse models a longstanding challenge.In contrast,mice with a humanized immune system can faithfully reproduce human immune responses to respiratory pathogen infection,and mice with humanized lung and lung-immune systems can be used to examine human trophic respiratory pathogen infection and the corresponding immune responses.This review summarizes the contributions and recent progress of these types of humanized mice in respiratory pathogen research.