地方政府的行为选择与企业绿色技术创新

Behavioral choices of local governments and corporate green technology innovation

绿色技术创新是促进绿色发展的重要支撑。中国长期存在的典型化事实是,地方政府设定的与相邻地区相近的经济增长目标的行为与地区间不平衡的发展相矛盾。探究此现象对绿色技术创新的影响,在一定程度上可揭示现行经济增长目标策略是否还适用于中国绿色发展的新格局。该研究利用灯光和经济增长目标数据计算目标与实际资源禀赋的偏离度,以零膨胀负二项回归模型实证分析其对绿色创新的影响。研究发现:目标偏离与绿色技术创新呈“倒U型”关系,即地方政府适度提高经济增长目标可激励其寻求新技能(如绿色技术)兑现承诺;但目标过度偏离资源禀赋会倒逼政府为了拉高经济增速而扭曲资源配置,抑制绿色创新。异质性分析表明:①相较于实用新型专利,绿色发明专利面临的挤出效应更大;②非国有企业、中小微企业、非污染行业的企业绿色创新更易受影响;③企业的资金压力、内控水平、创新能力及地区的创新环境、法律环境、绿色发展水平都会影响目标偏离与绿色创新的关系。据此提出,为助力绿色发展,中国需进一步优化经济增长目标策略、健全促进绿色创新的体制机制、完善政绩考核等。

Green technology innovation is an important instrument to promote green development.It is a long-standing and typical fact in China that the behavior of local governments in setting economic growth targets similar to those of neighboring regions contradicts the unbalanced development between Chinese regions.Exploring the impact of this phenomenon on green technology innovation reveals,to some extent,whether the current economic growth target strategy is still applicable to China’s green development.To answer this question,this study used light and economic growth target data to calculate the deviation of the target from the actual resource endowment and empirically analyzed its impact on green innovation with a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model.The study found that the deviation from target and green technology innovation had an‘inverted U-shaped’relationship,i.e.,a moderate increase in the economic growth target could motivate local governments to seek new skills(e.g.,green technology)to fulfill their commitments.However,an excessive deviation from resource endowment could force governments to distort resource allocation in order to increase economic growth and inhibit green innovation.Heterogeneity analysis showed that:①Compared with utility model patents,green invention patents faced a greater crowding-out effect.②Companies in non-state,small,medium,and micro,as well as non-polluting industries were more vulnerable to green innovation.③The financial pressure,internal control level and innovation ability of enterprises,the innovation environment,the legal environment,and the green development level of regions all affected the relationship between goal deviation and green innovation.Accordingly,it is proposed that in order to boost green development,China needs to further optimize the economic growth target strategy,improve the institutional mechanism to promote green innovation,and improve the performance assessment.