不同微喷高度对葡萄棚架下微气候因子及品质的影响

Effects of Different Micro-spray Heights on the Microclimate Factors and Quality under the Grape Trellis

为改善吐哈地区极端气候条件对葡萄生长环境和果实品质的影响,以“无核白”葡萄为材料,在葡萄棚架不同高度设置微喷(WP1:棚架上50 cm,WP2:棚架下50 cm,WP3:地上30 cm),以常规滴灌作为对照处理(CK),分析了不同处理对葡萄棚架下温度、相对湿度及葡萄品质的影响,以期为当地葡萄优质生产栽培提供依据。结果表明:微喷处理与对照处理相比,日最高温度降低1.15~2.94℃,日最低相对湿度增加2.32%~3.21%,微喷开启后6 h平均温度降低1.34~2.62℃,平均湿度增加2.93%~3.99%,温差降低1.80~3.40℃,湿度差降低0.50%~2.61%,温度与相对湿度呈线性负相关;微喷处理可显著增加果实中的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量以及还原型Vc含量,降低果实中的总酸量。其中WP2处理的可溶性固形物含量较CK提升22.2%,糖酸比较CK提升17.28,且差异极显著。经综合分析温度、相对湿度和果实品质,果粒膨大期时在棚架下方50 cm处每天14:00喷水1 h能提高“无核白”葡萄的品质,适宜在吐哈地区推广。

In order to alleviate the adverse effects of extreme climate conditions on grape growth environment and fruit quality in the TuHa area,‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes were used as materials and micro-spraying was set at different heights of grape trellages(WP1:50 cm above the trellage, WP2:50 cm below the trellage, WP3:30 cm above ground), and conventional drip irrigation was used as control treatment(CK) to analyze the effects of different treatments on temperature and relative humidity under grape trellage and grape quality, in order to provide a basis for local grape quality production and cultivation. The results showed that compared with the control treatment, the daily maximum temperature decreased by 1.15~2.94 ℃, and the daily minimum relative humidity increased by 2.32%~3.21%. Six hours after the micro-spray was turned on, the average temperature decreases by 1.34~2.62 ℃, the average humidity increases by 2.93%~3.99%, the temperature difference decreases by 1.80~3.40 ℃, and the humidity difference decreases by 0.50%~2.61%. The temperature and relative humidity were linearly negatively correlated. Micro-spraying treatment could significantly increase the content of soluble solids, soluble sugar and reduced Vc in fruit, and reduce the total acid content in fruit. The soluble solid content of WP2 treatment was 22.2% higher than that of CK, and the sugar and acid content was 17.28 higher than that of CK, and the difference was extremely significant. After comprehensive analysis of temperature, relative humidity and fruit quality, it was found that spraying water 50 cm below the trellage at 14:00 every day for 1hour during fruit expansion period could improve the quality of‘Thompson Seedless’ grape, which was suitable for promotion in Tuha region.