上海地区797例过敏性结膜炎患者的过敏原结果分析

Analysis of allergens in 797 patients with allergic conjunctivitis in Shanghai

目的分析上海地区常见过敏原分布特征,为防治过敏性结膜炎提供依据。方法利用过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)抗体检测试剂盒,对2015~2020年在本院眼科就诊的797例过敏性结膜炎患者检测过敏原,总IgE阳性或常见过敏原阳性视为总阳性,通过SPSS 23.0统计学软件分析其在不同性别、不同季节的分布特征。结果男性患者总阳性率、总IgE阳性率和常见过敏原阳性率均高于女性患者,总阳性率和总IgE阳性率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。夏季的总阳性率、总IgE阳性率和常见过敏原阳性率均高于全年,总阳性率和常见过敏原阳性率在四季之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四季粉尘螨/屋尘螨有显著差异,以秋季65.31%(96/147)最高,春季45.98%(40/87)最低,夏秋季与春季相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论过敏原检测有利于了解上海地区常见过敏原分布,对过敏性结膜炎患者诊疗及预防具有一定参考价值。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of common allergens in Shanghai,and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.Methods Allergen specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibody assay kit was used to detect the serum of 797 allergic conjunctivitis patients treated in the EENT Hospital of Fudan University from 2015 to 2020.A positive serum total IgE or a positive specific IgE to common allergen was defined as total positive.SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of common allergens in different genders and different seasons.Results The total positive rate,the serum total IgE positive rate and the positive rate of specific IgE to common allergens in male patients were higher than those in female patients,and the differences of both total positive rate and total IgE positive rate were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total positive rate,serum total IgE positive rate and positive rate of specific IgE to common allergens were higher in summer than in other seasons,and there were statistically significant differences in the total positive rate and common allergen specific IgE positive rate among four seasons(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rate of dust mites/house dust mites among four seasons,with the highest detection rate of 65.31%(96/147)in autumn,the lowest of 45.98%(40/87)in spring,and the significant differences between that of summer and spring,as well as between autumn and spring(P<0.05).Conclusions The determination of allergen is helpful to understand the distribution of common allergens in Shanghai,and has certain reference value for the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of allergic conjunctivitis.