2022年北京冬奥会中、日、韩竞技实力对比分析——基于项群训练理论

A Comparative Analysis of Competitive Strength of China,Japan and South Korea in 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics——Based on Item Group Training Theory

通过数理统计法、文献资料法等方法对中、日、韩三国的冬奥会奖牌特征进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)亚洲举办国主场效应显著,主办国家奖牌有明显增加的特点。(2)冬奥会奖牌中日呈现出递增趋势、韩国在平昌冬奥会达到顶峰;金牌方面,中国有较大的突破性,日韩表现较为平稳;银牌方面,中韩两国起伏波动较大,日本稳步上升;铜牌方面,中韩两国变化较小,日本增幅较大。(3)亚洲冬奥会奖牌获得国呈现阴衰阳盛的现象;日本女子获奖处于优势,中国女子获金牌处于领先。(4)自由式滑雪与短道速滑是亚洲国家冬奥会上的优势夺奖项目。(5)三国在金牌获得上以技能主导类表现难美性项目为主,体能主导类项目为辅;体能主导类项目中以耐力型项目为主,速度型项目为辅。建议:保持优势项积极向上冰雪强国学习;加大女子冰雪运动员的培养,贯彻男女平等参赛的理念与思想;扩大女子冰雪运动员的基础数量。发挥技能主导类项目优势,扩大增加体能类主导项目的比例;速度型项目要不断从选材或者跨项选材方面培养运动员。

The characteristics of the Winter Olympic medals won by China,Japan and South Korea were compared and analyzed by mathematical statistics,literature and data methods.Results:(a)Asian countries won more medals;(b)South Korea reached its peak in Pyeongchang;China and Japan performed increasingly better.(c)For these Asian countries,there was a trend that female athletes performed better than male athletes;(d)Freestyle skiing and short track speed skating are the advantageous sports of Asian countries in Winter Olympics.(e)Most of the gold medal winning sports of the three countries are the events featured by skills,difficulty and beauty,instead of endurance events and speed events.Suggestions:we should actively learn from ice and snow powers,increase the training of women ice and snow athletes,implement the concept of gender equality,and expand the basic number of women ice and snow athletes.It is suggested to give full play to the advantages of skill leading events,increase the proportion of physical fitness leading projects.And for the speed events,we should constantly select and train cross-sports athletes.