国内外高水平投掷运动员成绩增长规律和发展趋势研究

Research on Performance Enhancement Pattern and Development Trend of Elite-level Throwing Athletes at Home and Abroad

本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法和对比分析法对国内外高水平投掷运动员成绩涨幅规律和发展趋势进行研究。选取近20年国际和国内投掷项目上具有代表性的投掷运动员400人,以每位运动员18岁到35岁的运动成绩为数据基础进行研究,结果发现:投掷运动员的个人最佳成绩会以其青年时期的最好成绩为基数,国际投掷运动员形成18.98%的运动成绩涨幅,我国投掷运动员则形成9.45%的运动成绩涨幅;成绩涨幅比例与各投掷项目的技术结构特点密切相关,技术结构发展空间与运动成绩涨幅呈正比;我国投掷运动员的成绩涨幅比例相较于国际投掷运动员差距较大,成绩发展呈现出我国运动员青年成绩的领先优势随着年龄的增长逐渐消失,并且被国际投掷运动员拉开越来越大差距的趋势;运动选材的成功对投掷项目的突破起着决定作用。建议通过加强投掷项目的科学选材、普及科学先进的训练理念、构建科学全面的科研体系等途径,帮助我国投掷运动员实现对历史成绩的突破。

Through the methods of literature review,mathematical statistics and comparative analysis,this paper analyzes the performance enhancement pattern and development trend of elite-level throwing athletes at home and abroad.This paper selects 400 most representative throwing athletes in international and domestic throwing events in recent 20 years,and analyzes the sports performance of each athlete from 18 to 35 years old.It is found that the personal best performance of throwing athletes will be based on the best performance of their youth,and the sports performance of international throwing athletes will increase by 18.98%,while the sports performance of chinese throwing athletes will increase by 9.45%;The proportion of performance increase is closely related to the characteristics of technical structure of each throwing event,and the development space of technical structure is directly proportional to the increase of sports performance;Compared with international throwing athletes,there is a big gap in the performance increase proportion of Chinese throwing athletes.The performance development trend shows that the leading advantage of Chinese young athletes’performance gradually disappears with the growth of age,and falls even more behind international throwing athletes;the success of sports talents selection plays a decisive role in the breakthrough of throwing events.It is suggested to strengthen the scientific talent identification of throwing events,popularize scientific and advanced training concepts,and build a comprehensive scientific research system,so as to help Chinese throwing athletes achieve a breakthrough in performance.