全国滑雪场空间分布特征及影响因素分析

An Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ski Resorts in China

冰雪场地能够在一定程度上表示滑雪资源分布情况和冰雪文化发展氛围,而滑雪场是冰雪场地的最直接现实的表现形式。本文运用文献资料法、GIS空间分析法,对滑雪场的空间分布情况进行研究,对其进行地理集中度分析、核密度分析、最邻近指数分析、缓冲区分析,并分析影响其空间分布的因素。研究结果:(1)丰度系数分析。根据丰度系数将全国滑雪场按省划分为五大类型,即富足区、一般区、不足区、匮乏区、待建区。(2)地理集中度分析。全国滑雪场分布的地理集中度指数G=24.73,计算结果24.73大于0且远小于100,表明全国滑雪场分布总体上趋于分散。(3)核密度分析。在全国层面,可以将滑雪场的核密度分布概括为“三核-三面”的分布类型。(4)最邻近指数分析。得出最邻近指数R=0.08762<1,表示全国滑雪场的空间分布中,呈现出凝聚分布的点状要素分布特征。研究结论:滑雪场的空间分布受政策法规、赛事举办、地形交通、海拔高度、纬度因素、气温降水、经济水平、文化历史等因素的综合影响。

The ice and snow sites can demonstrate the distribution of ski resources and the development atmosphere of ice and snow culture to a certain extent,and ski resorts are the most direct manifestation of ice and snow sites.Using the methods of literature review and GIS spatial analysis,the spatial distribution of ski resorts have been studied.Results:(a)Abundance coefficient analysis.According to the abundance coefficient,the ski resorts in China are divided into five types by province,namely rich area,general area,insufficient area,deficient area and area to be built.(b)Geographic concentration analysis.The geographical concentration index of national ski resort distribution G is 24.73,which is greater than 0 and far less than 100,indicating that the distribution of national ski resorts tends to be scattered on the whole.(c)Nuclear density analysis.At the national level,the nuclear density distribution of ski resorts can be summarized as the distribution type of“three cores and three sides”.(d)Nearest neighbor index analysis.The nearest neighbor index R=0.08762<1,indicating that the spatial distribution of ski resorts in China shows the distribution characteristics of point elements of condensed distribution.The research concludes that the spatial distribution of ski resorts is comprehensively affected by policies and regulations,events,terrain and transportation,altitude,latitude,temperature,economic level,culture and history and other factors.