论夫妻共同债务在个人破产中的处理路径

On the Processing Path of Marital Joint Debt in Personal Bankruptcy

夫妻财产所有状态混同与债务形态混同的现状以及共同债务清偿规则不明晰,使得夫妻共同债务在一方个人破产中的处理面临困境。“夫妻共同破产”模式对债务形态和责任财产不作区分显得过于简单粗暴,“共同财产破产”模式则与我国现行法观念不相容,两种模式均不足取。“类型区分说”无法很好解释同样系共同债务为何责任形态悬殊;“无限连带说”实际产生与“夫妻共同破产”模式同样效果,会造成配偶“不破产而破产”;“有限连带说”会产生公平性的质疑,甚至鼓励夫妻间转移财产逃债;“共同债务说”区分了债务形态与责任财产相对应,体现了多元价值平衡,且有明确规范支撑,不失为可取模式。

The confusion of marital property ownership status with debt form and the ambiguity of joint debt repayment rules make marital joint debt in the personal bankruptcy of one party face difficulties.The mode of"joint bankruptcy of husband and wife"outside China,which does not distinguish between the form of debt and the liability property,is too simple and crude,while the mode of"joint bankruptcy of property"is incompatible with the current law of China,so both modes are inadequate.The"classification theory"can not fully explain why the liability pattern of common debt of the same system is different."Unlimited joint and several theory"actually produces the same effect as the mode of"joint bankruptcy of husband and wife",which will cause the spouse to go bankrupt in practice.The theory of"limited joint and several liability"will raise doubts about fairness and even encourage couples to transfer their property and evade debts.The"joint debt theory"distinguishes the correspondence between the form of debt and the liability property,reflects the balance of multiple values,and is supported by clear norms,which can be regarded as a desirable model.