中国哲学学科建立过程中对“气”的诠释

The Interpretation of qi气in the Process of Establishing Chinese Philosophy as a Science

近代以来,随着国门大开,传统世界逐渐崩塌,构成传统世界观的诸多概念亦变得晦暗不明。“气”即成为一个难以理解和被不断误解的概念。中国哲学学科建立的过程中,在“以西释中”的思维方式与唯物主义意识形态主导下,“气”被解释成“质料”或“材料”,与作为“形式”或“规律”的“理”相对。张岱年“新唯物论”对传统的“气”概念进行了创造性的诠释,将之与西方哲学、科学的新发展相结合,提出“气”是即体即用的“现象”或“存在”,而非物质实体,超越了传统唯物主义对“气”的理解。冯友兰、张岱年等中国哲学学科建立者们在中国哲学方面的探索,为我们进一步理解传统哲学提供了有益的借鉴,值得我们重新探讨和重视。

In modern times,following the opening of China,the traditional world order has gradually collapsed,and many concepts that constituted the traditional worldview have become obscure.Qi气is a concept that is hard to understand and often misinterpreted.Zhang Dainian’s“new materialism”creatively interprets the traditional concept of qi,combining it with new developments in Western philosophy and science,and proposes that qi is the“phenomenon”or“existence”of what is both embodiment as well as function,rather than material substance,which transcends the understanding of qi in traditional materialism.The exploration of Chinese philosophy by Feng Youlan,Zhang Dainian and others who established Chinese philosophy as a science,provides us with a useful reference for further understanding of traditional philosophy.