清华简《筮法》与早期易学占筮重估

The Tsinghua Bamboo-slips Text Shifa and the Reassessment of the Study of Early Chinese Yi Texts

依据字体特征及《左》《国》筮例,清华简《筮法》可能来自三晋地区。《筮法》“遂日”,是指两卦代表的时日是前后连续的两天。“上毁”意为上卦与下卦乾卦(或坤卦)相比,一爻的性质发生了改变。“人身图”坤卦对应的人体部位不是腹部,而可能是心。“乾坤运转”模拟月亮的阴晴圆缺,展现的是阴阳消长的时空观。从占筮的层面看,以清华简为代表的楚地《筮法》查祟、禳灾,其理论设计周全、细密,居于战国易学的翘楚地位。

Based on features of characters and divination examples from the Zuozhuan and Guoyu,the Tsinghua bamboo-slips Shifa(筮法)probably comes from the Sanjin area.In the Shifa,“sui ri”(遂日)indicates that the time represented by the two hexagrams are two consecutive days.“Shang hui”(上毁)means that when the upper hexagram is matched with Qian(乾)or Kun(坤)as the lower hexagram,a change occurs in the character of the first trigram.The part of the human body that corresponds with the“human body picture”(ren shen tu人身图)is not the abdomen,but the heart.“The universal revolution of Qian and Kun”(Qian Kun yun zhuan乾坤运转)simulates the waxing and waning of the Moon,showing a view of time and space as the ebb and flow of yin and yang.From the perspective of divination,taking the Qinghua Bamboo slips as representative for the divinatory methods of probing evil spirits and warding off disasters from the Chu region,its theoretical design is comprehensive and detailed,and occupies a leading position in the study of Yi texts from the Warring States.