土壤剖面微生物群落分布规律研究进展

Research progress on the distribution of microbial community in soil profile

微生物在土壤有机质转化和养分循环过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。明确微生物在土壤剖面中的变化规律对于了解微生物群落调控生态系统功能的机制至关重要。以往有关土壤微生物的研究多数局限于表层土壤,而对深层土壤微生物群落多样性和形成机制的研究相对较少。然而,深层土壤微生物在土壤形成、碳固存以及元素化学循环等过程中的作用不容忽视。因此,本文综述了不同生态系统中土壤剖面微生物分布格局的研究进展,分析了微生物丰度、多样性和群落组成在土壤剖面中的分布规律及其与土壤理化指标的关系,阐述了土壤微生物相互作用模式以及装配过程随着土壤深度的变化规律,并对未来的研究重点加以展望,以期为深入认识土壤的形成机制和保护利用好土壤资源提供理论依据。

Soil microorganism plays a key role in organic matter conversion and nutrient cycling.It is very crucial to clarify the variations of microorganism in soil profiles to understand the mechanisms of microbial community regulating ecosystem functions.The diversity and formation mechanism of soil microbial communities have been mainly studied in the surface soil,but rarely in deep soil horizon.However,the role of microorganism in deep soil horizon in soil formation,carbon sequestration and elemental chemical cycling should not be ignored.Therefore,in this study,we reviewed the research progress of vertical spatial distribution of soil microorganisms in different ecosystems,and analyzed the succession of microbial abundance,diversity and community composition along the soil depth and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties.In addition,this study expounded the changes of assembly processes and interaction patterns of soil microbial communities with the soil depth,and looked forward to the future research priorities,in order to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the soil formation mechanism and protecting and utilizing soil resources.