高能重离子束辐射水稻诱变育种研究进展

Research progress of high energy heavy ion beam mutagenesis in rice breeding

水稻是一种重要的粮食作物,开发优良的水稻种质资源是培育水稻品种的重要手段。诱变育种可以快速改良水稻品种,提高水稻育种效率。离子束作为一种新型的诱变技术,具有线性能量转移高,相对生物学效应好,诱变频率高等优势,可直接作用于水稻遗传物质,对水稻的不同性状产生影响。本文主要围绕高能重离子束的诱变水稻的分子生物学特点,诱变重离子束种类、辐射剂量及受体材料的选择,重要性状基因功能分析,诱变产生的水稻品种等方面进行系统的描述,重点介绍了高能重离子束的诱变优势,并从多方面总结了由高能重离子束诱变产生的不同的水稻品种,并提出了高能重离子束诱变依旧存在的不足以及对未来的展望,为该技术在未来水稻育种的应用提供新思路与新方法。

Rice is an important crop,developing excellent rice germplasm is an important method of cultivating rice varieties.Mutagenic breeding can quickly reform rice varieties and improve rice breeding efficiency.As a new mutagenesis technique,ion beam has the advantages of high linear energy transfer,good relative biological effect and high mutagenesis frequency,which can directly act on rice genetic substances,and have an impact on different traits of rice.This paper mainly focuses on the molecular biology characteristics of mutagenetic rice with high energy heavy ion beams,the type of mutagenic heavy ion beams,the selection of radiation doses and receptor materials,the functional analysis of important trait genes,and the varieties of rice produced by mutagenesis of high energy heavy ion beam,mainly introduces the advantages of high energy heavy ion beam mutation and summarizes the different rice varieties produced by that from many aspects,and put forward the shortcomings and future prospects of high-energy heavy ion beams,which provided a new idea and method for the application of this technique in the future rice breeding.