生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中行政机关的身份认定探析

Exploratory Analysis of the Identity Recognition of Administrative Organ in Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Lawsuits

赔偿权利人的设定可以说是生态环境损害赔偿制度的逻辑起点,但由于目前作为赔偿权利人的行政机关的角色定位仍然存在诸多理论与实践难题,制度的运作存在不少的羁绊。行政机关作为生态环境损害赔偿权利人的定性既来源于自然资源国家所有权,也包含了政府管理职能的行使。目前,在对其索赔的合法性、权力行使的界限、利益冲突的解决、行政处分权的监督以及与其他救济模式的衔接等方面,均存在争议并在实践中留有探索的余地。为消解与纠偏对行政机关在生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中现有角色定位的质疑,需要厘清生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中司法权与行政权的边界,重构生态环境损害赔偿诉讼中的举证责任,并解决行政机关与其他救济途径索赔权主体的诉讼顺位问题。

The setting of claimant for compensation can be said to be the logical starting point of the ecological environment damage compensation system.However,due to the current role of an administrative organ as claimant for compensation,there are still many theoretical and practical problems,and exists many fetters in the operation of the system.The characterization of an administrative organ as the claimant for compensation for ecological environment damage not only comes from the state ownership of natural resources,but also includes the exercise of governmental management functions.Presently there are disputes over the legitimacy of its claims,the limits of power exercise,the resolution of conflicts of interest,the supervision of administrative sanction power,and the connection with other relief modes,which leaves room for exploration in practice.In order to resolve and rectify the doubts about the existing role of the administrative organ in the ecological environment damage compensation lawsuit,it is necessary to clarify the boundary between judicial power and administrative power in the ecological environment damage compensation lawsuit,reconstruct the burden of proof in the ecological environment damage compensation lawsuit,and solve the issue of litigation order between the administrative organ and the subject of claim rights through other relief channels.