陕西长武苹果园嫁接换优技术要点

The Technical Point of High Grafting of Changwu Apple Orchard in Shannxi

长武县位于渭北黄土高原沟壑区,属苹果生产最佳适宜区。为了推动苹果产业壮大发展,高接换优是促进苹果高质量发展,改善苹果种植结构的有效途径。根据多年的实践,总结出了陕西长武苹果高接换优的技术要点:1)嫁接换优一般在果树树液开始流动,树皮分离,芽体尚未萌发时进行;2)根据长武苹果品种现状及气候特点,宜选择适宜长武发展的名优新特品种;3)选择树冠外围生长健壮、枝条粗壮、色泽鲜艳、木质化程度高、牙体饱满的1 a生枝作接穗;4)幼树期树冬剪时短截,初果期树、盛果期树采用多头嫁接,衰老大树采用蹲接方法进行嫁接换种;5)栽后及时检查成活,对未成活的要及时补接,及时松绑扎条,及时抹芽,确保接穗正常健壮生长。

Changwu county is located in Weibei loess plateau gully region,is the best suitable region for apple production.In order to promote the growth and development of apple industry,grafting technique in optimal is an effective way to promote the high quality of apple.According to many years planting,the technical points of high grafting of Changwu apple in Shaanxi province are summarized as follows:1)Grafting is generally carried out when the fruit trees moisture begins to flow,the bark is separated and the bud is not germinated;2)According to the current situation and climate characteristics of Changwu apple,it is advisable to select the cultivars suitable for Changwu development;3)1 year old branches with strong growth,thick branches,bright color,high degree of lignification and buds full were selected as budwood;4)Young trees were cut shortly in winter,and the trees at the early and full fruit stages were grafted with several aspects,and the old trees were grafted by squat grafting.5)It could ensure the growth of the budwood by checking in time after planting,regrafting in time,loosening the bandage in time,wiping the bud in time.