盐湖区梨产业发展中遇到的问题及对策

Problem and Countermeasure of Pear Industry Development in Yanhu District,Yuncheng Ctiy

山西省运城市盐湖区梨产业发展中重点推广“改良土壤、间伐改形、控水控产、适时采摘”4项关键技术,推进了果园机械化、蜜蜂授粉、病虫害无害化防治和全域旅游的发展。但生产中也存在不少问题亟待解决,分析当前现状,找出了生产中主要问题是:梨园密闭严重、授粉树配置不合理、干腐病严重、施肥及用药不当、采收不合时宜、遭遇冻害等。并提出相应的对策和建议:1)先间伐,后改形,改善群体密闭;2)按梨园面积的大小合理放置授粉蜜蜂、配置授粉树;3)根据梨园的树龄、树势、产量高低和肥料的种类进行配方施肥;4)选择内吸性强和渗透性强的杀菌剂,加强病虫害防治;5)适期采收,避免果实受到碰压;6)采用延迟开花、喷防冻剂、果园熏烟等方法预防花期冻害,保证果品产量及质量,为当地梨产业更好的发展提供保障。

In the development of pear industry in Yanhu District of Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province,the four key techniques of‘improving soil,thinning and modification,controlling water and yield,timely picking’were promoted,which promoted the development of orchard mechanization,bee pollination,lesspollution of pest control and global tourism.However,there are also many problems to be solved in the planting.By analyzing the current situation,the main problems in the planting are found out as follows orchard severely closed,unreasonable pollination tree setting,serious botryosphaeria canker,improper fertilization and medication,improper harvesting,freezing injury,etc.and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.1)Thinning first,then reshaping,improving orchard severely closed;2)Pollination bees were reasonably placed and pollination trees were set according to the size of pear orchard area;3)Formula fertilization according to tree age,tree vigor,yield and fertilizer types in pear orchard;4)Selecting fungicides with strong absorption and permeability to strengthen pest control;5)Harvesting in due time to avoid fruit extrusion;6)Using delayed flowering,spraying antifreeze,orchard smoking and other methods to prevent freezing injury during flowering,ensure fruit yield and quality for the better development of local pear industry.