中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网作用于哮喘的研究进展

Research progress on the effect of neutrophil extracellular traps on asthma

哮喘是一种慢性呼吸系统非传染性疾病,其显著特征是免疫介导的超敏反应和慢性气道炎症。当机体受到病原体刺激时,中性粒细胞可经过吞噬、脱颗粒以及产生中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)来对抗入侵的微生物。NETs是区别于坏死及凋亡的死亡途径,中性粒细胞通过释放由组蛋白修饰的细胞外染色质和大量颗粒蛋白构成的NETs来增强其性能,其作用可以是有益的,也可以是病理性的。相当大比例的哮喘患者被认为是中性粒细胞表型。多项研究表明,哮喘患者的气道及血液中存在大量的NETs。虽然NETs可以吞噬并杀死宿主中的入侵病原体,然而气道中过量的NETs可能通过破坏上皮细胞和内皮细胞,进而加速哮喘患者的疾病进展。现就针对NETs的结构、对生物体的影响以及对哮喘的作用来进行阐述。

Asthma is a chronic non-communicable respiratory disease characterized by immune-mediated hypersensitivity and chronic airway inflammation.When the body is stimulated by pathogens,neutrophils can resist invading microorganisms by phagocytosis,degranulation,and production of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).NETs are a death pathway different from necrosis and apoptosis.Neutrophils enhance their performance by releasing NETs composed of histone-modified extracellular chromatin and a large number of granular proteins,which can be beneficial or pathological.A large proportion of patients with asthma are considered to be neutrophilic phenotypes.A number of studies have shown that there are a large number of NETs in the airway and blood of patients with asthma.Although NETs can phagocytize and kill invading pathogens in the host,excessive NETs in the airway may accelerate the disease progression in patients with asthma by destroying epithelial and endothelial cells.This article reviews the structure of NETs,their effects on organisms,and their effects on asthma.