云南大围山国家级自然保护区及邻近地区蚂蚁群落与分布格局研究

Ant Community and Distribution Pattern of Daweishan National Nature Reserve and Adjacent Area in Yunnan Province

【目的】揭示云南大围山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁多样性规律。【方法】采用样地调查法研究该自然保护区及邻近地区蚂蚁群落与物种分布格局。【结果】在9块样地中采获蚂蚁8亚科49属104种,其中优势种3个,较常见种12个,较稀有种30个,稀有种59个。在蚂蚁群落中,爪哇扁头猛蚁(Ectomomyrmex javanus Mayr)垂直分布范围最大,多数蚂蚁物种生态适应幅度狭窄,选择在地表觅食、土壤内筑巢。随着海拔上升,各样地中蚂蚁物种数总体下降,5类生境中季雨林物种最丰富(61种),中山常绿阔叶林物种最贫乏(13种)。蚂蚁群落多样性主要指标均表现出多域效应现象,各样地蚂蚁群落间相似性处于极不相似至中等不相似水平。【结论】研究区域蚂蚁群落结构和物种分布主要受气候、植被类型和人为干扰影响,低海拔生境植物丰富、食物充足,蚂蚁物种丰富度较高;人为干扰破坏了栖息生境,蚂蚁物种多样性降低。大部分蚂蚁物种生态适应幅度狭窄,对生境的选择较严格,与自身的身体构造和生态适应性有关。总体来看,大围山国家级自然保护区及邻近地区蚂蚁资源较丰富,不同生境间蚂蚁群落分化明显,具有不同生态功能和保护价值。

[Purpose]To reveal the ant diversity law of Daweishan National Nature Reserve of Yunnan.[Method]Ant community and species distribution patterns of the nature reserve and adjacent area were surveyed using plot-sampling method.[Results]Totally 104 ant species belonging to eight subfamilies and 49 genera were collected from nine sample plots,including three dominant species,12 relatively common species,30 relatively rare species and 59 rare species.In the ant community,Ectomomyrmex javanus Mayr had the widest vertical distribution range,meanwhile most ant species had a narrow range of ecological adaptation,choosing to forage on the ground and nest in soil.With the increase of altitude,the numbers of ant species generally decreased in each sample plot.Among the five types of habitats,the monsoon forest had the richest ant species(61 species)and the subalpine evergreen broad-leaf forest had the poorest ant species(13 species).The main diversity in-dexes of ant communities all expressed multi-domain effect phenomenon,the similarity between ant communities at different sample plots showed extremely dissimilar to moderately dissimilar level.[Conclusion]The ant community composition and species distribution are mainly influenced by climate,vegetation types and human disturbance.The habitat with lower altitude has higher ant spe-cies richness because there are rich plants and food resources.Ant species diversity reduced at human disturbed habitat.Most ant species has a strict selection to habitat and a narrow ecological adaptation range,it is related to body structure and ecological adaptation of the ants.In total,the ant resources of Daweishan National Nature Reserve and adjacent area is relatively plentiful,ant communities are sig-nificant divided in different habitat,and has various ecological function and protective value.