冬枣园主要矿质元素含量变化及其与果实品质的关系

Changes of Major Mineral Element Contents and Its Relationship with Fruit Quality in Zizyphus jujuba‘Dongzao’Orchard

【目的】研究冬枣园主要矿质元素含量和果实品质的关系。【方法】对不同果实发育期冬枣叶片和土壤中主要矿质元素含量进行测定,采用典型相关性分析法分析叶片和土壤中主要矿质元素含量与果实品质的相关性。【结果】冬枣叶片氮和磷含量总体呈下降趋势,最大降幅分别出现在盛花期和末花期;叶片钾含量在末花期上升至最大值,在果实硬核期和白熟期出现较大降幅。随着果实发育,土壤氮、磷和钾含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,且速效氮在末花期以及有效磷和速效钾在果实硬核期降幅最大,分别为28.67%、17.38%和19.56%。营养枝叶和结果枝叶氮、磷含量与土壤全磷含量呈显著或极显著正相关;土壤有效磷和全氮含量与结果枝叶氮含量均呈显著正相关;果实可滴定酸含量与2种类型叶片氮含量呈显著或极显著正相关;2种类型叶片钾含量与果实硬度呈显著负相关、与果实可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均呈显著正相关;结果枝叶氮、磷含量分别与单果质量、可滴定酸含量呈显著正相关;果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量均与结果枝叶钾含量呈显著正相关。【结论】土壤磷含量的变化对冬枣叶片氮、磷含量影响较大,结果枝叶氮、钾含量均对果实品质有较大影响。实际生产中,可适当在冬枣盛花期前增施氮肥和磷肥、在果实硬核期前增施钾肥以提高果实品质。

[Purpose]To study the relationship between major mineral element contents and fruit quality in Zizyphus jujuba‘Dongzao’orchard.[Methods]Major mineral element contents in leaf and soil at different fruit development stages of Z.jujuba‘Dongzao’were assayed,and the correlation of major mineral element contents in leaf and soil with fruit quality was analyzed by canonical regression analysis.[Results]The contents of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)in leaves of Z.jujuba‘Dongzao’declined generally,and obtained the biggest drop at full-bloom stage and after-flowering stage,respectively.The content of potassium(K)in leaves reached the peak value at after-flowering stage,but decreased greatly at fruit hardcore stage and white-maturing stage.With the development of fruits,soil N,P and K contents initially increased and then decreased,with the biggest drop of avail-able N found in after-flowering stage,available P and rapidly available K appeared in fruit hardcore stage,which were 28.67%,17.38%,and 19.56%,respectively.The contents of N and P in vegetative and fruit branch leaves showed significantly or extremely significantly positive correlations with total P in soil.The available P and total N in soil had significantly positive correlation with N in fruit branch leaves.Fruit titratable acidity contents was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with N in the two types of leaves.The contents of K in the two types of leaves had signific-antly negative correlation with fruit hardness,and was significantly positive related to fruit soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio.The contents of N and P in fruit branch leaves were significantly posit-ively correlated with weight of per fruit and titratable acidity,respectively.Besides,fruit soluble solid and vitamin C contents had significantly positive correlation with the content of K in fruit branch leaves.[Conclusion]Changes of P content in soil exert great influence on the contents of N and P in leaf.The contents of N and K in fruit branch leaves have great influence on fruit quality.It is sug-gested that N and P fertilizer should be applied appropriately before full-bloom stages,and K fertil-izer applied before fruit hardcore stage to improve the fruit quality of Z.jujuba‘Dongzao’during the practical production process.