菊芋全粉益生元发酵饲料对仿刺参生长性能、非特异性免疫及肠道微生物的影响

Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke Powder Prebiotics Fermented Feed on The Growth Performance,Non-specific Immunity and Intestinal Microflora of Apostichopus Japonicus

为探究菊芋全粉益生元发酵饲料对仿刺参生长性能、非特异性免疫力及肠道微生物区系的影响,试验选取初始体重(30.00±0.50)g的成参240只,分为对照(CT)组、发酵饲料(FF)组、菊芋全粉益生元基础饲料(IBF)组、菊芋全粉益生元发酵饲料(IFF)组共4组进行60 d的养殖试验。试验结果表明:①IFF组显著提高了仿刺参生长性能且效果最好,增重率和特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);②与CT组相比,IBF组和IFF组均显著提高了仿刺参体腔细胞数量和吞噬活性(P<0.05),FF组和IFF组显著提高了酚氧化酶(PO)活性,但使一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性显著降低(P<0.05),IFF组还显著提高了酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(P<0.05),但试验组对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无显著影响(P>0.05);③与CT组仿刺参肠道菌群相比,试验组均显著影响了肠道微生物α多样性(P<0.05),IFF组对肠道微生物同源性影响较小,且促进了芽孢杆菌等益生菌的增殖,降低了机会致病菌丰度。综上,菊芋全粉益生元发酵饲料能通过提高生长性能、增强免疫力以及改善肠道菌群结构促进仿刺参的健康生长,适宜在仿刺参养殖中应用。

In order to explore the effects of jerusalem artichoke powder(JAP)prebiotics fermented feed on growth performance,immunity and intestinal microflora of Apostichopus japonicus,240 adult sea cucumbers with an initial body weight of about(30.00±0.50)g were divided into four groups,the control(CT)group,fermented feed(FF)group,JAP prebiotic basal feed(IBF)group and JAP prebiotics fermented feed(IFF)group,for a to days cultivation experiment.The results showed as the following:①the growth performance of Apostichopus japonicus was significantly improved and the cultivation effect was the best in IFF group,the weight gain rate and special growth rate were significantly increased,and the feed conversion rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05).②Compared with CT group,IBF and IFF significantly increased the number of coelom cells and phagocytic activity(P<0.05),FF and IFF significantly increased the activity of phenol oxidase(PO),but significantly decreased the nitric oxide synthase(NOS)(P<0.05).The activities of acid phosphatase(ACP)and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in IFF group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in IFF group were not significantly affected(P>0.05).③Compared with CT group,theαdiversity of intestinal microbe in the experimental groups was significantly affected(P<0.05).IFF had little effect on the homology of intestinal microbe,promoted the proliferation of probiotics such as Bacillus,and reduced the abundance of opportunistic pathogens.In conclusion,JAP prebiotics fermented feed could promote the healthy growth of Apostichopus japonicus by improving growth performance,enhancing immunity and improving intestinal microflora structure,which was suitable for the cultivation of Apostichopus japonicus.