近代中日茶叶市场国际竞争与日本的侵占

Competition Between China and Japan in International Tea Trade in Modern Times and Japanese Occupation

近代中日相继开埠通商后,茶叶是两国具有比较优势的传统商品,对外输出急剧扩大,成为换取外汇、支撑本土经济的重要途径。在绿茶重要销售地美国,两国展开了激烈竞争,可分为快速增长期、日本侵夺中国份额期、挤压下的中国衰颓期等三个时段。日本还将被割让的台湾殖民地作为茶叶生产基地,着手改良和改制,生产符合国际市场需求的红茶、乌龙茶和包种茶等。继而又借“九一八事变”契机,将东北变成日本茶、台湾茶的销场,利用关税提高、形象诋毁等手段,阻止南方茶叶向东北的输出,发起“东北向茶”运动,试图形成“日茶倒灌”的局面。不仅如此,在加拿大、俄罗斯等其他重要茶叶消费国,日本也展开了对中国茶的攻势,造成了极大的冲击和威胁。

After China and Japan opened up trade ports successively in modern times,tea be⁃came an important commodity for both countries to expand foreign trade,earn foreign exchange,and support domestic economy.Fierce competition broke out between the two countries in the United States,the most important overseas market for green tea.The competition took place in three periods:the period of rapid growth,the period of Japanese takeover of the Chinese share,and the period of China’s decline in the competition.Japan also made Taiwan,a colony of Japan then,a base for pro⁃duction of black tea,oolong tea and baozhong tea.After the September 18th Incident broke out in 1931,Japan turned the northeast China into a market for Japanese tea and Taiwan Residents tea,and kept the Chinese tea from entering this market by way of image smearing and high tariffs.It also launched a“Selling tea to Manchukuo”campaign to dump Japanese tea to northeast China.In addition,Japan al⁃so launched offensives against Chinese tea in Canada,Russia and other important tea-consuming countries and caused tremendous damage to Chinese tea trade.