典型滨海翅碱蓬盐沼湿地土壤理化特征研究

Appropriate Soil Physicochemistry for Growing Suaeda salsa in Salt Marsh Wetlands

研究分布翅碱蓬的典型滨海潮滩盐沼湿地不同土层土壤理化性质及C:N:P:K生态化学计量关系,了解滨海潮滩盐沼湿地翅碱蓬生长的土壤理化环境条件,为滨海潮滩湿地生态修复提供依据。2013年7-8月采集辽宁盘锦、辽宁庄河、天津、山东东营及江苏连云港5个不同纬度典型滨海翅碱蓬生长区域土壤,分析了其理化特征。结果表明,滨海湿地土壤翅碱蓬生态最适域值为含盐量(2.5~19.0)g/kg、氯离子(1.16~11.27)g/kg、pH 7.05~8.96、碱度(3.56~8.78)mmol/kg、全碳(7.70~21.73)mg/kg,全氮(0.36~0.87)mg/kg、无机氮(1.95~16.10)mg/kg、速效磷(5.26~39.98)mg/kg、速效钾(0.53~1.77)mg/kg,铵氮(1.60~8.72)mg/kg、亚硝酸盐氮(0.01~0.11)mg/kg、硝酸盐氮(1.00~2.54)mg/kg;土壤N:P平均值为(0.80±0.25),N:K为(17.77±6.08),P:K为(26.90±4.67),TC:TN为(26.50±4.67)。满足翅碱蓬生态最适域值的滨海潮间带土壤,可以依不同纬度地区土壤积温优先实施翅碱蓬生境修复。

Suaeda salsa,a salt tolerant annual plant,is a pioneer plant growing in the intertidal mudflats of estuaries that provides important ecosystem services.In this study,we investigated the physicochemical characteristics of different soil layers and the C:N:P:K ratios in soils from five S.salsa growing regions located at different latitudes.Our objective was to identify the conditions needed for S.salsa growth to support ecological restoration of intertidal wetlands.During August and September of 2013,soil samples of different layers(0-10,10-20 and 20-30 cm)were collected from the intertidal mudflats of Panjin,Zhuanghe,Tianjin,Dongying,and Lianyungang for the determination of physicochemical parameters.Results show that the suitable environmental conditions for S.salsa growth included the following soil parameter ranges:salinity(2.5-19.0 g/kg),chloride(1.16-11.27 g/kg),pH(7.05-8.96),alkalinity(3.56-8.78 mmol/kg),total carbon(7.70-21.73 mg/kg),total nitrogen(0.36-0.87 mg/kg),available nitrogen(1.95-16.10 mg/kg),available phosphorus(5.26-39.98 mg/kg),available potassium(0.53-1.77 mg/kg),ammonia nitrogen(1.60-8.72 mg/kg),nitrite nitrogen(0.01-0.11 mg/kg)and nitrate nitrogen(1.00-2.54 mg/kg).Average soil nutrient ratios were as follows:N:P(0.80±0.25),N:K(17.77±6.08),P:K(26.90±4.67),and TC:TN,(26.50±4.67).S.salsa can be used for phytoremediation of bare intertidal flats of coastal salt marsh wetlands,and the appropriate date for planting S.salsa at different latitudes is determined by the accumulated temperature of the soil at a given latitude.