变应原免疫治疗诱导免疫耐受形成机制

Mechanism of immune tolerance induced by allergen immunotherapy

变应原免疫治疗(allergen immunotherapy,AIT)是目前唯一可能改变变应性疾病自然进程的治疗方法,其治疗途径主要包括皮下免疫治疗(subcutaneous immunotherapy,SCIT)及舌下免疫治疗(sublingual immunotherapy,SLIT)两种。AIT通过调节适应性免疫反应,产生调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)、调节性B细胞(regulatory B cell,Breg)、“封闭抗体(blocking antibody)”IgG IgG4、减少IgE的产生并抑制其与效应细胞的结合,阻碍效应细胞脱颗粒,以及影响固有免疫,包括诱导耐受型的树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)、减少分泌2型细胞因子的固有淋巴样细胞(innate lymphoid cells,ILCs)等,最终诱导免疫耐受的形成。

Allergen immunotherapy(AIT)is the only treatment that may alter natural course of allergic diseases currently.Its administration routines are subcutaneous injection and sublingual administration.Adaptive immunity can be regulated by AIT,based on production of“blocking antibodies”IgG IgG4,reduction of IgE production as well as inhibition of its binding to effector cells,and prevention of effector cell degranulation.Innate immunity also can be altered by AIT,based on inducing dendritic cells with tolerate phenotypes,reducing innate lymphoid cells that secrete type 2 cytokines,eventually resulted in achievement of immune tolerance.