大兴安岭生态功能区生态系统服务功能动态及权衡协同关系研究

Dynamics of Ecosystem Service Functions and Their Tradeoff and Synergetic Relationships in Great Xing′an Mountains Ecological Function Zone

大兴安岭水源涵养与生物多样性保护区是我国北方重要的生态屏障,定量分析其生态系统服务功能动态及内在关系,对于实现该区自然资源的合理利用与可持续发展具有重要的科学意义。基于多源数据和生态系统服务功能评估模型,实现了2000—2015年大兴安岭生态功能区水源供给、碳储存和生境质量服务功能的动态评估,并结合相关性分析和权衡协同度模型探讨各服务功能之间的权衡协同关系。结果表明:(1)林地是该区优势生态系统类型,占功能区总面积的67.80%,湿地和草地次之,3种类型面积之和占功能区总面积的92.35%。2000—2015年,林地面积增加2080 km^(2),草地和湿地面积分别减少1365和1265 km^(2),其他类型面积变化较小。(2)2000—2015年研究区水源供给服务功能明显减弱,碳储存服务功能有所增强,生境质量改善显著。其中,水源供给量减少15.10亿m^(3),碳储量增加16.79 Tg,良好及以上生境面积增加5746 km^(2),占生态功能区总面积的85.41%,生物栖息活动区生境质量显著提高。(3)在区域和地级市尺度上,水源供给与碳储存呈权衡关系,碳储存与生境质量呈协同关系。水源供给与生境质量在区域尺度上表现为权衡关系,但在地级市尺度上赤峰市和黑河市表现为权衡关系,大兴安岭和通辽市表现为协同关系。研究结果可以为区域自然资源管理和生态规划、生态系统服务总体效益提升等提供重要的数据支持和决策依据。

Water retention and biodiversity conservation zone of Great Xing′an Mountains is an important ecological barrier in North China.Quantitative analysis of dynamics and internal relationship among the ecosystem service functions is of great scientific significance for reasonable utilization of natural resources and sustainable development in this region.Based on multi-source data and the models for ecosystem service function evaluation,dynamics of service functions in the ecological functional zone of Great Xing′an Mountains during 2000-2015 was analyzed,including water supply,carbon storage and habitat quality function.Furthermore,this study discussed the balance and coordination among the ecosystem service functions through the combination of correlation analysis and trade-off and synergic relation model.The results were concluded as follows:(1)woodland was the dominant ecosystem in this region,accounting for 67.80%of the total area,followed by wetland and grassland.The three ecosystem types accounted for 92.35%of the total area.During 2000-2015,woodland increased by 2080 km 2,while grassland and wetland decreased by 1365 and 1265 km 2,respectively.The area of other ecosystems changed insignificantly.(2)From 2000 to 2015,the function of water supply was obviously weakened,carbon storage was enhanced slightly,and the habitat quality was significantly improved.Wherein,water supply decreased by 1.51 billion cubic meters,the quantity of carbon storage increased by 16.79 Tg,and the area with good or higher habitat quality increased by 5746 km^(2),accounting for over 85.41%of the total ecological functional area.The habitat quality of biological inhabitation and activity zone was significantly improved.(3)At the regional and municipal scale,water supply and carbon storage showed a trade-off relation whereas carbon storage and habitat quality presented a synergic relation.A trade-off relation was revealed between water supply and habitat quality functions at the regional scale.At the municipal scale,there was a trade-off relation between Chifeng City and Heihe City,but a synergic relation between Great Xing′an Mountains Prefecture and Tongliao City.The results provide important data support and decision basis for regional natural resources management,ecological planning and improvement of overall benefit of ecological system.