海南岛湿地鸟类的资源调查及多样性研究

A survey of birds and their diversity in the wetlands of Hainan Island

为了掌握海南岛湿地珍稀濒危鸟种和常见鸟类的基础信息,于2020年12月和2021年5月在岛内32处湿地开展了鸟类调查,共行走样线215条,完成调查样点157个,记录鸟类206种34673只,隶属17目61科,其中国家1级保护鸟类4种,国家2级保护鸟类34种。涉禽和鸣禽的数量占多数,分别占59.9%、32.2%。优势和常见鸟类共28种,如白鹭Egretta garzetta、丝光椋鸟Spodiopsar sericeus、蒙古沙鸻Charadrius mongolus、牛背鹭Bubulcus coromandus等,这28种鸟类记录占海南岛湿地整个鸟类记录总数的78%。Shannon-Wiener指数以河流湿地最高(5.225),湖泊湿地最低(2.843);Pielo指数以沼泽湿地最高(0.776),人工湿地最低(0.618);鸟类相似度以河流湿地和人工湿地最高(0.67),近海与海岸湿地和湖泊湿地最低(0.22)。

A bird survey was carried out in 32 wetlands of Hainan Island in December 2020 and May 2021,and a total of 215 transect lines and 157 survey points were established for bird inventory.The survey recorded 34673birds of 206 species,belonging to 17 orders and 61 families.There are 4 species of birds found in the list of the national first-class conservation,and 34 species of birds in the list of the national second-class conservation.The number of waders and songbirds accounted for the majority of the birds recorded,which are 59.9%and32.2%,respectively.The survey recorded 28 dominant and common birds recorded,such as Egretta garzetta,Spodiopsar sericeus,Charadrius mongolus,Bubulcus coromandus,etc.,which accounted for 78%of the total bird records in the wetlands of Hainan Island.The Shannon Wiener index is the highest in the riverine wetlands(5.225),and the lowest in the lacustrine wetlands(2.843);the Pielo index is the highest in the marshy wetlands(0.776)and the lowest in the man-made wetland(0.618);the bird similarity is the highest in the riverine wetlands and the man-made wetlands(0.67),and the lowest(0.22)in the coastal wetland and the lacustrine wetlands.