平等主义风尚:广义的还是狭义的?

Egalitarian Ethos,The Wide or The Narrow?

威廉姆斯对科恩的平等主义风尚提出了狭义与广义的两种解读。他认为狭义的风尚无法满足科恩对效率的要求,因此科恩应该选择广义的平等主义风尚,不过广义的风尚却会面对一种与直觉十分冲突的额外义务的挑战。根据这种解读,科恩平等主义风尚论述的成立就会遭遇困难。本文试图阐述科恩实际上会选择狭义的风尚,同时狭义的风尚能够满足效率的要求,也能够应对其他的一些挑战。如果狭义的风尚能够成立,那么针对广义风尚解读的批判则构不成对科恩的平等主义风尚的威胁。

Williams proposed two interpretations of Cohen’s egalitarian ethos.He insisted that the narrow ethos cannot meet Cohen’s requirements for efficiency,so Cohen should choose the wide ethos.But unfortunately the wide ethos will face the challenge of an additional obligation that conflicts with intuition.According to this interpretation,the establishment of Cohen’s egalitarian ethos will get into predicament.This article tries to explain that Cohen will actually choose the narrow ethos,and it can meet the requirements of efficiency and some other challenges.If the the narrow ethos can be established,then criticism of the wide ethos will not pose a threat to Cohen’s theory.